Brazil: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 835,556,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 477,698,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 57.17% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | 415,890,000 | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 87.06% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 49.77% | | Other wooded land (ha) | - |
Brazil : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 98% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 2% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 0% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Brazil: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | 415,890,000 | 87.1% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 56,424,000 | 11.8% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | - | - | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 5,384,000 | 1.1% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | - |
Brazil: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 520,027,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 493,213,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 477,698,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (2,681,400) | -0.52% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (3,103,000) | -0.63% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (42,329,000) | -8.14% | | Change in rate (%) | 22.01% | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | 460,513,000 | | Primary 2000 (ha) | 433,220,000 | | Primary 2005 (ha) | 415,890,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (2,729,300) | -0.59% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (3,466,000) | -0.80% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (44,623,000) | -9.69% | | Change in rate (%) | 34.99% | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | - | | Other 2000 (ha) | - | | Other 2005 (ha) | - | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | - | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | - | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | - | | Change in rate (%) | - | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | 5,070,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 5,279,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 5,384,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 20,900 | 0.41% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 21,000 | 0.40% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 314,000 | 6.19% | | Change in rate (%) | -3.50% | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 514,957,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 487,934,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 472,314,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (2,702,300) | -0.52% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (3,124,000) | -0.64% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (42,643,000) | -8.28% | | Change in rate (%) | 22.01% |
Brazil: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 415,890,000 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | - | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 415,890,000 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 49.77% |
Brazil: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | - | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | - | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | - | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | - | | Designated functions of forest – primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 5.5% | | Protection (%) | 17.8% | | Conservation (%) | 8.1% | | Social Services (%) | 23.8% | | Multiple Services (%) | 44.8% | | None of Unknown (%) | - |
Brazil: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | 0.01% | | Insects (ha) | 0.01% | | Diseases (ha) | 0.00% | | Other (ha) | - |
Brazil: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | 5 | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 8 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 17 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 3.9% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 2.45% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 1.39% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 14.08% |
Brazil: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 695 | | endemic species | 454 | | threatened species | 24 | | Birds | | total species | 1712 | | endemic species | 207 | | threatened species | 120 | | Mammals | | total species | 578 | | endemic species | 131 | | threatened species | 74 | | Reptiles | | total species | 651 | | endemic species | 258 | | threatened species | 22 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 3636 | | endemic species | 1050 | | threatened species | 240 |
Brazil: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | 7,880 | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 34 | | Endangered | 100 | | Vulnerable | 187 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | 56215 | | Number endemic | 0 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 381 |
Brazil: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | 79,219 | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | 22,017 | | Dead wood (M t) | 6,359 | | Total (M t) | 107,595 | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | 38,480 | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | 10,855 | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | 3,056 | | Carbon in litter (M t) | 1,958 | | Soil carbon (M t) | 50,289 | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | -376,499 | | 2000-2005 | -698,892 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | 0.16 | | 2000-2005 | -0.35 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 168,091 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | 122,385 | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 290,476 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | n.s. | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | 348,249 | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | 1,194 | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | 3,221 | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | 111,663 | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | 2,460 | | Other plant products (t) | 289,928 | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | $2,897,019,000 | | Wood fuel (US$) | $942,020,000 | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | $193,131,000 | | Total value (US$) | $4,032,170,000 | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $8 | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | - |
Brazil : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 134,473 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 134,473 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 102,994 | | Imports | 18 | | Exports | 885 | | Consumption | 102,127 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 21,200 | | Imports | 139 | | Exports | 2,009 | | Consumption | 19,330 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 6,283 | | Imports | 153 | | Exports | 1,760 | | Consumption | 4,676 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 7,390 | | Imports | 422 | | Exports | 2,579 | | Consumption | 5,233 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 7,354 | | Imports | 509 | | Exports | 452 | | Consumption | 7,411 |
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Brazil: Environment
| Environment - current issues | deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south |
Brazil: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 6.96%
permanent crops: 0.9%
other: 92.15% (2001) | | Natural resources | bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber |
Brazil: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries and is expanding its presence in world markets. From 2001-03 real wages fell and Brazil's economy grew, on average, only 2.2% per year, as the country absorbed a series of domestic and international economic shocks. That Brazil absorbed these shocks without financial collapse is a tribute to the resiliency of the Brazilian economy and the economic program put in place by former President CARDOSO and strengthened by President LULA DA SILVA. In 2004, Brazil enjoyed more robust growth that yielded increases in employment and real wages. The three pillars of the economic program are a floating exchange rate, an inflation-targeting regime, and tight fiscal policy, all reinforced by a series of IMF programs. The currency depreciated sharply in 2001 and 2002, which contributed to a dramatic current account adjustment; in 2003 to 2005, Brazil ran record trade surpluses and recorded its first current account surpluses since 1992. Productivity gains - particularly in agriculture - also contributed to the surge in exports, and Brazil in 2005 surpassed the previous year's record export level. While economic management has been good, there remain important economic vulnerabilities. The most significant are debt-related: the government's largely domestic debt increased steadily from 1994 to 2003 - straining government finances - before falling as a percentage of GDP in 2005, while Brazil's foreign debt (a mix of private and public debt) is large in relation to Brazil's small (but growing) export base. Another challenge is maintaining economic growth over a period of time to generate employment and make the government debt burden more manageable. | | GDP - per capita | $8,500 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 2.6% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 10%, industry: 39.4%, services: 50.6% (2005 est.) | | Industries | textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment | | Economic aid - recipient | $30 billion (2002) | | Debt - external | $211.4 billion (30 June 2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 22% (1998 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 20%, industry 14%, services 66% (2003 est.) |
Brazil: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 186,112,794 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.06% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 22.0 | | Percent rural (2003) | 16.9% | | Median age (years) | total: 27.81 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.93 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000 census) |
Largest Cities in Brazil
Cities and urban areas in Brasil with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Sao Paulo | Brazil | 10057700 | 18505100 |
| Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | 6029300 | 11246600 |
| Salvador | Brazil | 2539500 | 3173500 |
| Belo Horizonte | Brazil | 2307800 | 4413800 |
| Fortaleza | Brazil | 2230800 | 2976200 |
| Brasilia | Brazil | 2089500 | 2089500 |
| Curitiba | Brazil | 1642300 | 2835000 |
| Manaus | Brazil | 1524600 | 1524600 |
| Recife | Brazil | 1464100 | 3439500 |
| Porto Alegre | Brazil | 1355100 | 3646400 |
| Belem | Brazil | 1344900 | 1912600 |
| Goiania | Brazil | 1132600 | 1706300 |
| Guarulhos | Brazil | 1096800 | 1096800 |
| Campinas | Brazil | 993200 | 1365500 |
| Nova Iguacu | Brazil | 959100 | 959100 |
| Sao Goncalo | Brazil | 921000 | 921000 |
| Sao Luis | Brazil | 871800 | 1133800 |
| Maceio | Brazil | 850500 | 963300 |
| Duque de Caxias | Brazil | 797700 | 797700 |
| Natal | Brazil | 737900 | 1097000 |
| Sao Bernardo do Campo | Brazil | 714100 | 714100 |
| Teresina | Brazil | 705900 | 949600 |
| Campo Grande | Brazil | 685800 | 685800 |
| Osasco | Brazil | 669700 | 669700 |
| Santo Andre | Brazil | 665600 | 665600 |
| Joao Pessoa | Brazil | 614900 | 934900 |
| Jaboatao | Brazil | 613200 | 613200 |
| Contagem | Brazil | 566300 | 566300 |
| Sao Jose dos Campos | Brazil | 565400 | 794300 |
| Ribeirao Preto | Brazil | 526600 | 789900 |
| Sorocaba | Brazil | 516400 | 624500 |
| Uberlandia | Brazil | 514400 | 514400 |
| Cuiaba | Brazil | 502500 | 730900 |
| Aracaju | Brazil | 479900 | 741000 |
| Niteroi | Brazil | 467300 | 467300 |
| Sao Joao de Meriti | Brazil | 460600 | 460600 |
| Juiz de Fora | Brazil | 456800 | 456800 |
| Belford Roxo | Brazil | 450600 | 450600 |
| Londrina | Brazil | 449400 | 656100 |
| Feira de Santana | Brazil | 447800 | 447800 |
| Joinville | Brazil | 435800 | 435800 |
| Santos | Brazil | 423200 | 1556700 |
| Ananindeua | Brazil | 418500 | 418500 |
| Campos | Brazil | 378800 | 378800 |
| Maua | Brazil | 375200 | 375200 |
| Diadema | Brazil | 373300 | 373300 |
| Olinda | Brazil | 369500 | 369500 |
| Vila Velha | Brazil | 367000 | 367000 |
| Aparecida de Goiania | Brazil | 365500 | 365500 |
| Carapicuiba | Brazil | 353900 | 353900 |
| Sao Jose do Rio Preto | Brazil | 353200 | 353200 |
| Florianopolis | Brazil | 351800 | 712000 |
| Caxias do Sul | Brazil | 350700 | 350700 |
| Serra | Brazil | 345700 | 345700 |
| Campina Grande | Brazil | 342000 | 516700 |
| Piracicaba | Brazil | 330000 | 330000 |
| Cariacica | Brazil | 325800 | 325800 |
| Bauru | Brazil | 322500 | 322500 |
| Betim | Brazil | 320100 | 320100 |
| Canoas | Brazil | 316200 | 316200 |
| Sao Vicente | Brazil | 314900 | 314900 |
| Moji das Cruzes | Brazil | 313300 | 313300 |
| Jundiai | Brazil | 312000 | 312000 |
| Pelotas | Brazil | 310200 | 310200 |
| Vitoria | Brazil | 306200 | 1412700 |
| Montes Claros | Brazil | 304800 | 304800 |
| Macapa | Brazil | 301600 | 301600 |
| Anapolis | Brazil | 297400 | 297400 |
| Maringa | Brazil | 294800 | 294800 |
| Franca | Brazil | 293000 | 293000 |
| Itaquaquecetuba | Brazil | 292300 | 292300 |
| Porto Velho | Brazil | 292000 | 292000 |
| Guaruja | Brazil | 282900 | 282900 |
| Ponta Grossa | Brazil | 277200 | 277200 |
| Petropolis | Brazil | 276400 | 276400 |
| Paulista | Brazil | 273200 | 273200 |
| Ribeirao das Neves | Brazil | 271300 | 271300 |
| Foz do Iguacu | Brazil | 269100 | 583500 |
| Blumenau | Brazil | 261500 | 261500 |
| Limeira | Brazil | 256400 | 256400 |
| Uberaba | Brazil | 251200 | 251200 |
| Volta Redonda | Brazil | 249600 | 458400 |
| Governador Valadares | Brazil | 243900 | 243900 |
| Caucaia | Brazil | 242700 | 242700 |
| Novo Hamburgo | Brazil | 241300 | 241300 |
| Suzano | Brazil | 241000 | 241000 |
| Rio Branco | Brazil | 240500 | 240500 |
| Taubate | Brazil | 239900 | 239900 |
| Cascavel | Brazil | 239000 | 239000 |
| Santa Maria | Brazil | 238400 | 238400 |
| Vitoria da Conquista | Brazil | 234600 | 234600 |
| Viamao | Brazil | 230400 | 230400 |
| Varzea Grande | Brazil | 227000 | 227000 |
| Caruaru | Brazil | 225800 | 225800 |
| Imperatriz | Brazil | 222600 | 222600 |
| Barueri | Brazil | 222200 | 222200 |
| Gravatai | Brazil | 221800 | 221800 |
| Boa Vista | Brazil | 221100 | 221100 |
| Ipatinga | Brazil | 219000 | 219000 |
| Embu | Brazil | 213500 | 213500 |
| Juazeiro do Norte | Brazil | 212800 | 212800 |
| Praia Grande | Brazil | 209100 | 209100 |
| Sumare | Brazil | 205600 | 205600 |
| Taboao da Serra | Brazil | 205500 | 205500 |
| Mage | Brazil | 204400 | 204400 |
| Mossoro | Brazil | 202200 | 202200 |
| Santa Luzia | Brazil | 200900 | 200900 |
| Sao Leopoldo | Brazil | 199600 | 199600 |
| Marilia | Brazil | 198900 | 198900 |
| Itabuna | Brazil | 196800 | 196800 |
| Sao Jose dos Pinhais | Brazil | 196800 | 196800 |
| Presidente Prudente | Brazil | 196000 | 196000 |
| Jacarei | Brazil | 195200 | 195200 |
| Sao Carlos | Brazil | 192900 | 192900 |
| Santarem | Brazil | 192300 | 192300 |
| Alvorada | Brazil | 192200 | 192200 |
| Americana | Brazil | 189100 | 189100 |
| Sete Lagoas | Brazil | 188300 | 188300 |
| Colombo | Brazil | 187400 | 187400 |
| Divinopolis | Brazil | 184400 | 184400 |
| Rio Grande | Brazil | 183900 | 183900 |
| Maracanau | Brazil | 181800 | 181800 |
| Itaborai | Brazil | 181400 | 181400 |
| Sao Jose | Brazil | 180700 | 180700 |
| Araraquara | Brazil | 180000 | 180000 |
| Petrolina | Brazil | 176600 | 176600 |
| Itapevi | Brazil | 175200 | 175200 |
| Santa Barbara d'Oeste | Brazil | 173200 | 173200 |
| Rio Claro | Brazil | 170900 | 170900 |
| Passo Fundo | Brazil | 170100 | 170100 |
| Aracatuba | Brazil | 169000 | 169000 |
| Barra Mansa | Brazil | 168000 | 168000 |
| Cachoeiro de Itapemirim | Brazil | 167400 | 167400 |
| Hortolandia | Brazil | 166200 | 166200 |
| Camacari | Brazil | 164000 | 164000 |
| Ilheus | Brazil | 160500 | 160500 |
| Lages | Brazil | 159600 | 159600 |
| Arapiraca | Brazil | 159000 | 159000 |
| Criciuma | Brazil | 158700 | 158700 |
| Cotia | Brazil | 157900 | 157900 |
| Indaiatuba | Brazil | 155700 | 155700 |
| Nova Friburgo | Brazil | 155500 | 155500 |
| Nilopolis | Brazil | 155200 | 155200 |
| Dourados | Brazil | 155100 | 155100 |
| Ferraz de Vasconcelos | Brazil | 150200 | 150200 |
| Itajai | Brazil | 148700 | 148700 |
| Rondonopolis | Brazil | 148600 | 148600 |
| Palmas | Brazil | 148400 | 148400 |
| Guarapuava | Brazil | 146100 | 146100 |
| Francisco Morato | Brazil | 144700 | 144700 |
| Chapeco | Brazil | 143700 | 143700 |
| Sobral | Brazil | 143100 | 143100 |
| Luziania | Brazil | 142900 | 142900 |
| Sao Caetano do Sul | Brazil | 142300 | 142300 |
| Nossa Senhora do Socorro | Brazil | 141500 | 141500 |
| Maraba | Brazil | 140700 | 140700 |
| Cabo de Santo Agostinho | Brazil | 139100 | 139100 |
| Poços de Caldas | Brazil | 137000 | 137000 |
| Ibirite | Brazil | 136600 | 136600 |
| Camaragibe | Brazil | 136500 | 136500 |
| Itapecerica da Serra | Brazil | 136400 | 136400 |
| Juazeiro | Brazil | 133800 | 133800 |
| Macae | Brazil | 132200 | 132200 |
| Parnaiba | Brazil | 130600 | 130600 |
| Jequie | Brazil | 130000 | 130000 |
| Itu | Brazil | 129900 | 129900 |
| Castanhal | Brazil | 128800 | 128800 |
| Paranagua | Brazil | 128600 | 128600 |
| Queimados | Brazil | 128000 | 128000 |
| Sapucaia | Brazil | 125800 | 125800 |
| Barreiras | Brazil | 125700 | 125700 |
| Angra dos Reis | Brazil | 125500 | 125500 |
| Pindamonhangaba | Brazil | 124700 | 124700 |
| Sabara | Brazil | 123200 | 123200 |
| Mogi Guacu | Brazil | 121700 | 121700 |
| Uruguaiana | Brazil | 121000 | 121000 |
| Teresopolis | Brazil | 119600 | 119600 |
| Parnamirim | Brazil | 119000 | 119000 |
| Lauro de Freitas | Brazil | 118600 | 118600 |
| Itapetininga | Brazil | 117600 | 117600 |
| Timon | Brazil | 117500 | 117500 |
| Braganca Paulista | Brazil | 117000 | 117000 |
| Patos de Minas | Brazil | 116700 | 116700 |
| Alagoinhas | Brazil | 116200 | 116200 |
| Rio Verde | Brazil | 113600 | 113600 |
| Cachoeirinha | Brazil | 112700 | 112700 |
| Cubatao | Brazil | 112500 | 112500 |
| Jau | Brazil | 112000 | 112000 |
| Barbacena | Brazil | 110300 | 110300 |
| Araguaina | Brazil | 110000 | 110000 |
| Caxias | Brazil | 109300 | 109300 |
| Cabo Frio | Brazil | 109200 | 109200 |
| Varginha | Brazil | 108600 | 108600 |
| Botucatu | Brazil | 108300 | 108300 |
| Ribeirao Pires | Brazil | 108200 | 108200 |
| Pinhais | Brazil | 108100 | 108100 |
| Catanduva | Brazil | 107500 | 107500 |
| Garanhuns | Brazil | 106800 | 106800 |
| Santa Rita | Brazil | 106300 | 106300 |
| Jaragua do Sul | Brazil | 105900 | 105900 |
| Palhoca | Brazil | 105800 | 105800 |
| Teixeira de Freitas | Brazil | 105500 | 105500 |
| Conselheiro Lafaiete | Brazil | 104200 | 104200 |
| Franco da Rocha | Brazil | 104200 | 104200 |
| Pouso Alegre | Brazil | 103800 | 103800 |
| Apucarana | Brazil | 103600 | 103600 |
| Teofilo Otoni | Brazil | 103600 | 103600 |
| Vitoria de Santo Antao | Brazil | 103300 | 103300 |
| Resende | Brazil | 103100 | 103100 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World’s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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