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China
21.2% —or about 197,290,000 hectares—of China is forested. Of this, 5.9% —or roughly 11,632,000 hectares—is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse form of forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2000, China gained an average of 1,986,000 hectares of forest per year. The amounts to an average annual reforestation rate of 1.26%. Between 2000 and 2005, the rate of forest change increased by 81.4% to 2.29% per annum. In total, between 1990 and 2005, China gained 25.6% of its forest cover, or around 40,149,000 hectares. Measuring the total rate of habitat conversion (defined as change in forest area plus change in woodland area minus net plantation expansion) for the 1990-2005 interval, China gained 5.6% of its forest and woodland habitat.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: China has some 2487 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 19.7% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 11.2% are threatened. China is home to at least 32200 species of vascular plants, of which 55.9% are endemic. 11.3% of China is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
China Environmental profile
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China: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 932,742,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 197,290,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 21.15% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | 11,632,000 | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 5.90% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 1.25% | | Other wooded land (ha) | 87,615,000 |
China : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 3% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 59% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 29% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 8% |
China: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | 11,632,000 | 5.9% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 114,332,000 | 58.0% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | 39,957,000 | 20.3% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 28,530,000 | 14.5% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 2,839,000 | 1.4% |
China: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 157,141,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 177,001,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 197,290,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 1,986,000 | 1.26% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 4,057,800 | 2.29% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 40,149,000 | 25.55% | | Change in rate (%) | 81.39% | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | 11,632,000 | | Primary 2000 (ha) | 11,632,000 | | Primary 2005 (ha) | 11,632,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | 101,498,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 97,683,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 87,615,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (381,500) | -0.38% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (2,013,600) | -2.06% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (13,883,000) | -13.68% | | Change in rate (%) | 448.42% | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | 18,466,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 23,924,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 31,369,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 545,800 | 2.96% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 1,489,000 | 6.22% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 12,903,000 | 69.87% | | Change in rate (%) | 110.57% | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 240,173,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 250,760,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 253,536,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 1,058,700 | 0.44% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 555,200 | 0.22% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 13,363,000 | 5.56% | | Change in rate (%) | -49.77% |
China: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 11,632,000 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | - | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 11,632,000 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 1.25% |
China: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 100.0% | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | - | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 100.0% | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | - | | Designated functions of forest – primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 58.0% | | Protection (%) | 31.3% | | Conservation (%) | 2.7% | | Social Services (%) | 1.2% | | Multiple Services (%) | 6.8% | | None of Unknown (%) | - |
China: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | 0.03% | | Insects (ha) | 3.50% | | Diseases (ha) | 0.50% | | Other (ha) | 0.46% |
China: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | 26 | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 30 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 29 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 11.3% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 0.00% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 10.99% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.47% |
China: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 340 | | endemic species | 206 | | threatened species | 86 | | Birds | | total species | 1221 | | endemic species | 92 | | threatened species | 82 | | Mammals | | total species | 502 | | endemic species | 78 | | threatened species | 80 | | Reptiles | | total species | 424 | | endemic species | 113 | | threatened species | 31 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 2487 | | endemic species | 489 | | threatened species | 279 |
China: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 29.00% | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 64.00% | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | 2,500 | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 34 | | Endangered | 45 | | Vulnerable | 96 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | 32200 | | Number endemic | 18000 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 443 |
China: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | 9,271 | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | 2,920 | | Dead wood (M t) | 1,836 | | Total (M t) | 14,027 | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | 4,636 | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | 1,460 | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | 918 | | Carbon in litter (M t) | - | | Soil carbon (M t) | - | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | 186,560 | | 2000-2005 | 181,400 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | 0.31 | | 2000-2005 | -0.52 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 88,808 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | 46,628 | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 135,435 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | 1 | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | 3,174,800 | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | 11,000 | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | - | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | 1,131,100 | | Other plant products (t) | 49,200 | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | $4,946,290,000 | | Wood fuel (US$) | - | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | - | | Total value (US$) | $4,946,290,000 | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $25 | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | 2,017,000 |
China : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 191,047 | | Imports | 7 | | Exports | 6 | | Consumption | 191,048 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 93,121 | | Imports | 25,857 | | Exports | 695 | | Consumption | 118,283 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 9,431 | | Imports | 6,914 | | Exports | 657 | | Consumption | 15,688 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 24,687 | | Imports | 5,657 | | Exports | 2,735 | | Consumption | 27,609 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 18,381 | | Imports | 5,795 | | Exports | 46 | | Consumption | 24,130 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 37,929 | | Imports | 10,393 | | Exports | 3,990 | | Consumption | 44,332 |
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China: Environment
| Environment - current issues | air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence |
China: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 15.4%
permanent crops: 1.25%
other: 83.35% (2001) | | Natural resources | coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest) |
China: Economy
| Economy - overview: | China's economy during the last quarter-century has changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. Reforms started in the late 1970s with the phasing out of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, the foundation of a diversified banking system, the development of stock markets, the rapid growth of the non-state sector, and the opening to foreign trade and investment. China has generally implemented reforms in a gradualist or piecemeal fashion. The process continues with key moves in 2005 including the sale of equity in China's largest state banks to foreign investors and refinements in foreign exchange and bond markets. The restructuring of the economy and resulting efficiency gains have contributed to a more than ten-fold increase in GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, China in 2005 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still lower middle-income and 150 million Chinese fall below international poverty lines. Economic development has generally been more rapid in coastal provinces than in the interior and there are large disparities in per capita income between regions. The government has struggled to (a) sustain adequate jobs growth for tens of millions of workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, migrants, and new entrants to the work force; (b) reduce corruption and other economic crimes; and (c) contain environmental damage and social strife related to the economy's rapid transformation. From 100 to 150 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs. One demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Another long-term threat to growth is the deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table especially in the north. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. China has benefited from a huge expansion in computer Internet use, with more than 100 million users at the end of 2005. Foreign investment remains a strong element in China's remarkable expansion in world trade and has been an important factor in growth of urban jobs. On 21 July 2005 China revalued its currency by 2.1 percent against the US dollar and moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. Reports of shortages of electric power in the summer of 2005 in southern China receded by September-October and did not have a substantial impact on China's economy. More power generating capacity is scheduled to come on line in 2006 as large scale investments are completed. The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in October 2005 approved the draft 11th Five-Year Plan and the National People's Congress is expected to give final approval in March 2006. The plan calls for a 20 percent reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP by 2010 and an estimated 45 percent increase in GDP by 2010. The plan states that conserving resources and protecting the environment are basic goals but it lacks details on the policies and reforms necessary to achieve these goals. | | GDP - per capita | $6,200 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 9.2% (official data) (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed, pork, fish | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 14.4%, industry and construction: 53.1%, services: 32.5% (2005 est.) | | Industries | mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals; coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles and satellites | | Economic aid - recipient | NA | | Debt - external | $242 billion (2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 10% (2001 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29% (2003 est.) |
China: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 1,306,313,812 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 0.58% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 140.1 | | Percent rural (2003) | 61.4% | | Median age (years) | total: 32.26 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.72 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1% |
Largest Cities in China
Cities and urban areas in China with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Shanghai | China | 9031200 | 12005300 |
| Beijing | China | 7129500 | 9349300 |
| Tianjin | China | 4344500 | 6927200 |
| Wuhan | China | 3957500 | 4574200 |
| Shenyang | China | 3452900 | 6422700 |
| Guangzhou | China | 3433700 | 5370800 |
| Harbin | China | 2765400 | 4457800 |
| Xian | China | 2656500 | 2965000 |
| Chongqing | China | 2311600 | 7161100 |
| Kowloon | China | 2279200 | 2279200 |
| Chengdu | China | 1927100 | 3326800 |
| Changchun | China | 1886700 | 2744200 |
| Taiyuan | China | 1832200 | 1920900 |
| Nanjing | China | 1800000 | 3115800 |
| Jinan | China | 1728400 | 2444400 |
| Dalian | China | 1657500 | 3195900 |
| Qingdao | China | 1449500 | 2561200 |
| Lanzhou | China | 1434500 | 1930800 |
| Fushun | China | 1384000 | 1384000 |
| Zhengzhou | China | 1347700 | 2162900 |
| Changsha | China | 1261700 | 1586100 |
| Datong | China | 1253600 | 1377100 |
| Anshan | China | 1246900 | 2404100 |
| Hangzhou | China | 1212800 | 3090600 |
| Shijiazhuang | China | 1190300 | 1701000 |
| Guiyang | China | 1161500 | 1910800 |
| Hong Kong | China | 1159300 | 8208200 |
| Jilin | China | 1142800 | 1523700 |
| Urumqi | China | 1120700 | 1369100 |
| Shenzhen | China | 1113500 | 1113500 |
| Nanchang | China | 1077600 | 1620600 |
| Fuzhou | China | 1036900 | 1534000 |
| Nanning | China | 913300 | 1443300 |
| Xuzhou | China | 893100 | 1111400 |
| Kunming | China | 871300 | 1947400 |
| Tangshan | China | 821200 | 1480400 |
| Luoyang | China | 819200 | 1499000 |
| Wuxi | China | 811100 | 1130900 |
| Hefei | China | 784000 | 1340200 |
| Shantou | China | 775500 | 1771200 |
| Qiqihar | China | 770500 | 1671600 |
| Benxi | China | 764000 | 1175300 |
| Suzhou | China | 763500 | 979400 |
| Liuzhou | China | 747700 | 990700 |
| Hohhot | China | 724500 | 1041200 |
| Xining | China | 713500 | 894900 |
| Baotou | China | 698600 | 1443300 |
| Huangshi | China | 696200 | 696200 |
| Jinzhou | China | 670600 | 902100 |
| Fuxin | China | 664500 | 969100 |
| Hegang | China | 649700 | 772200 |
| Handan | China | 610400 | 1266400 |
| Yingkou | China | 609700 | 721700 |
| Kaifeng | China | 584400 | 855700 |
| Mudanjiang | China | 574900 | 933000 |
| Hengyang | China | 561600 | 799000 |
| Liaoyang | China | 559100 | 559100 |
| Baoding | China | 558800 | 710100 |
| Anyang | China | 557900 | 736200 |
| Changzhou | China | 542900 | 893800 |
| Xinxiang | China | 535100 | 716500 |
| Dandong | China | 533600 | 533600 |
| Bengbu | China | 523500 | 1118200 |
| Wuhu | China | 517100 | 688700 |
| Jiamusi | China | 516600 | 721700 |
| Tuanmun | China | 510900 | 510900 |
| Shatin | China | 510800 | 510800 |
| Pingdingshan | China | 507900 | 507900 |
| Xiangtan | China | 506700 | 675300 |
| Zhuzhou | China | 497900 | 680400 |
| Yichang | China | 483800 | 613400 |
| Aomen | China | 479800 | 762900 |
| Panzhihua | China | 478000 | 771100 |
| Guilin | China | 475900 | 752600 |
| Xiangfan | China | 475500 | 565000 |
| Ningbo | China | 472400 | 1388700 |
| Xiamen | China | 470200 | 733000 |
| Wenzhou | China | 469000 | 734000 |
| Jiaozuo | China | 468700 | 659800 |
| Zhanjiang | China | 442700 | 618600 |
| Changzhi | China | 438900 | 659100 |
| Panjin | China | 416700 | 527800 |
| Yantai | China | 408100 | 476300 |
| Tanggu | China | 407400 | 609800 |
| Haikou | China | 406600 | 525800 |
| Donghe | China | 401500 | 401500 |
| Zhangjiakou | China | 389500 | 882500 |
| Maanshan | China | 384600 | 546400 |
| Yangquan | China | 379900 | 640200 |
| Shiyan | China | 379400 | 493800 |
| Liaoyuan | China | 375800 | 506200 |
| Xianyang | China | 373500 | 373500 |
| Baoji | China | 372600 | 573200 |
| Qitaihe | China | 361700 | 551600 |
| Dongguan | China | 360200 | 505200 |
| Xingtai | China | 356200 | 469100 |
| Siping | China | 354200 | 354200 |
| Shashi | China | 353500 | 353500 |
| Anqing | China | 343300 | 343300 |
| Yangzhou | China | 342200 | 551600 |
| Taian | China | 341800 | 500000 |
| Weifang | China | 336800 | 336800 |
| Zhenjiang | China | 332700 | 572200 |
| Jingdezhen | China | 329300 | 329300 |
| Jinxi | China | 328800 | 556700 |
| Guizhong | China | 326900 | 326900 |
| Zhongshan | China | 316600 | 316600 |
| Taipo | China | 311400 | 311400 |
| Qinhuangdao | China | 309900 | 665000 |
| Quanwan | China | 307900 | 307900 |
| Hulan Ergi | China | 307700 | 307700 |
| Luzhou | China | 306600 | 503100 |
| Foshan | China | 300500 | 300500 |
| Yangjiang | China | 300200 | 500000 |
| Zunyi | China | 297400 | 497900 |
| Jiujiang | China | 295400 | 295400 |
| Tieling | China | 295100 | 295100 |
| Dongying | China | 294400 | 804100 |
| Tongling | China | 293800 | 293800 |
| Shaoyang | China | 292200 | 292200 |
| Xianggangzi | China | 289300 | 289300 |
| Tiangjiaan | China | 281700 | 281700 |
| Yueyang | China | 279400 | 279400 |
| Yancheng | China | 278900 | 278900 |
| Wuzhou | China | 271700 | 271700 |
| Nanyang | China | 271300 | 271300 |
| Zhangdian | China | 268400 | 268400 |
| Wafangdian | China | 267700 | 267700 |
| Saertu | China | 266300 | 266300 |
| Suizhou | China | 263400 | 263400 |
| Zigong | China | 262300 | 486600 |
| Linyi | China | 260600 | 260600 |
| Yingcheng | China | 260000 | 260000 |
| Heze | China | 257600 | 257600 |
| Dongchang | China | 253200 | 253200 |
| Xuchang | China | 252900 | 252900 |
| Suihua | China | 252100 | 252100 |
| Changde | China | 251700 | 251700 |
| Chifeng | China | 250200 | 250200 |
| Shaoguan | China | 249300 | 249300 |
| Yanji | China | 248400 | 530900 |
| Yinchuan | China | 247500 | 630900 |
| Xincheng | China | 245500 | 245500 |
| Tongliao | China | 245400 | 245400 |
| Mianyang | China | 245000 | 245000 |
| Rizhao | China | 244700 | 244700 |
| Yibin | China | 243900 | 243900 |
| Huaiyin | China | 242800 | 680400 |
| Cangzhou | China | 241700 | 241700 |
| Chaozhou | China | 240000 | 240000 |
| Laohekou | China | 239700 | 239700 |
| Mianchang | China | 238200 | 238200 |
| Baicheng | China | 237300 | 237300 |
| Nantong | China | 236500 | 236500 |
| Jixi | China | 234000 | 1039200 |
| Guangyuan | China | 234000 | 234000 |
| Hebi | China | 233500 | 233500 |
| Tongchuan | China | 228000 | 228000 |
| Xiantao | China | 226400 | 226400 |
| Jinzhou | China | 226100 | 226100 |
| Yuci | China | 225200 | 225200 |
| Ranghulu | China | 224600 | 224600 |
| Xintai | China | 223300 | 223300 |
| Shiongshui | China | 221600 | 221600 |
| Huizhou | China | 221300 | 221300 |
| Yining | China | 220500 | 220500 |
| Liaocheng | China | 220300 | 220300 |
| Yiyang | China | 217900 | 217900 |
| Chaoyang | China | 217500 | 217500 |
| Wuxue | China | 217100 | 217100 |
| Ganzhou | China | 216300 | 216300 |
| Dezhou | China | 215400 | 215400 |
| Huaibei | China | 214900 | 587600 |
| Linfen | China | 213000 | 213000 |
| Zhangzhou | China | 212900 | 212900 |
| Qingyi | China | 212600 | 212600 |
| Nanchong | China | 212400 | 212400 |
| Sanming | China | 212200 | 212200 |
| Tianmen | China | 211300 | 211300 |
| Xinpu | China | 207200 | 659800 |
| Jiangmen | China | 205800 | 567000 |
| Rongcheng | China | 204600 | 204600 |
| Quanzhou | China | 203800 | 203800 |
| Xinyang | China | 202000 | 202000 |
| Suzhou | China | 201800 | 201800 |
| Haicheng | China | 201200 | 201200 |
| Zhuhai | China | 200900 | 200900 |
| Shuangyashan | China | 197700 | 560900 |
| Shaoxing | China | 196700 | 196700 |
| Jiaxing | China | 196300 | 196300 |
| Zouxian | China | 195500 | 195500 |
| Shangqiu | China | 195400 | 195400 |
| Jining | China | 194000 | 194000 |
| Kashi | China | 193400 | 193400 |
| Nanping | China | 192900 | 192900 |
| Chenzhou | China | 192600 | 192600 |
| Shihezi | China | 191900 | 191900 |
| Kaiyuan | China | 190900 | 190900 |
| Zaoyang | China | 189500 | 189500 |
| Anda | China | 189300 | 189300 |
| Yuncheng | China | 188800 | 188800 |
| Wanxian | China | 188600 | 188600 |
| Xuanhua | China | 188200 | 188200 |
| Badaojiang | China | 187500 | 187500 |
| Neijiang | China | 183100 | 183100 |
| Longfeng | China | 182800 | 182800 |
| Jingzhou | China | 182700 | 182700 |
| Zaozhuang | China | 182600 | 474200 |
| Qincheng | China | 182100 | 182100 |
| Anshun | China | 181800 | 181800 |
| Ezhou | China | 181400 | 181400 |
| Puyang | China | 180100 | 180100 |
| Yizheng | China | 180100 | 180100 |
| Dongling | China | 180000 | 180000 |
| Mentougou | China | 179500 | 179500 |
| Baiyin | China | 178600 | 178600 |
| Jiutai | China | 178500 | 178500 |
| Maoming | China | 177900 | 177900 |
| Liupanshui | China | 177300 | 494900 |
| Luan | China | 176700 | 176700 |
| Jining | China | 174900 | 174900 |
| Laiyang | China | 174000 | 174000 |
| Jingmen | China | 172300 | 172300 |
| Minhang | China | 171700 | 171700 |
| Bozhou | China | 171300 | 171300 |
| Korla | China | 170300 | 170300 |
| Jiaozhou | China | 169300 | 169300 |
| Huzhou | China | 169000 | 169000 |
| Weinan | China | 168900 | 168900 |
| Yulin | China | 168700 | 168700 |
| Dunhua | China | 168300 | 575300 |
| Jian | China | 168100 | 168100 |
| Hailar | China | 167800 | 167800 |
| Huanggang | China | 167800 | 167800 |
| Fuyang | China | 167200 | 167200 |
| Chengde | China | 166400 | 166400 |
| Fuling | China | 166200 | 166200 |
| Xiaogan | China | 164800 | 164800 |
| Wulanhaote | China | 164700 | 164700 |
| Qiongguanou | China | 163900 | 163900 |
| Zhicheng | China | 163700 | 163700 |
| Gejiu | China | 163600 | 163600 |
| Xianning | China | 163500 | 163500 |
| Yuhong | China | 163400 | 163400 |
| Beipiao | China | 162700 | 162700 |
| Hengshan | China | 161700 | 161700 |
| Boshan | China | 161200 | 161200 |
| Zhaodong | China | 161200 | 161200 |
| Xinji | China | 159200 | 159200 |
| Kaili | China | 159000 | 159000 |
| Deyang | China | 158200 | 158200 |
| Linhe | China | 158200 | 158200 |
| Yichun | China | 157000 | 157000 |
| Daliang | China | 156300 | 156300 |
| Sujiatun | China | 155500 | 155500 |
| Dingzhou | China | 155000 | 155000 |
| Honghu | China | 154800 | 154800 |
| Gaomi | China | 154700 | 154700 |
| Guangshui | China | 154100 | 154100 |
| Yichun | China | 153400 | 958800 |
| Zhoukou | China | 153200 | 153200 |
| Zhaoqing | China | 152700 | 152700 |
| Beian | China | 152100 | 152100 |
| Leshan | China | 151400 | 151400 |
| Acheng | China | 151000 | 151000 |
| Xinzhou | China | 150900 | 150900 |
| Yuanlong | China | 150100 | 150100 |
| Dachang | China | 149000 | 149000 |
| Tongzhou | China | 148300 | 148300 |
| Aksu | China | 148100 | 148100 |
| Linhai | China | 147300 | 147300 |
| Shangrao | China | 147300 | 147300 |
| Hanzhong | China | 146100 | 146100 |
| Chizhou | China | 145900 | 145900 |
| Chuzhou | China | 145900 | 145900 |
| Huicheng | China | 144900 | 144900 |
| Zalantun | China | 144700 | 144700 |
| Shanwei | China | 144200 | 144200 |
| Gongzhuling | China | 143700 | 143700 |
| Hengshui | China | 143700 | 143700 |
| Beihai | China | 143600 | 143600 |
| Shizuishan | China | 143600 | 143600 |
| Chaohu | China | 143300 | 143300 |
| Yushan | China | 143300 | 143300 |
| Jinhua | China | 143000 | 143000 |
| Jieshou | China | 142600 | 142600 |
| Humen | China | 142500 | 142500 |
| Ankang | China | 142200 | 142200 |
| Longyan | China | 142000 | 142000 |
| Huadian | China | 141800 | 141800 |
| Zhumadian | China | 141800 | 141800 |
| Fuyu | China | 141400 | 141400 |
| Qujing | China | 140500 | 140500 |
| Donghai | China | 140100 | 140100 |
| Huangyan | China | 140000 | 140000 |
| Xiaolan | China | 139500 | 139500 |
| Leiyang | China | 138900 | 138900 |
| Haibowan | China | 138700 | 138700 |
| Gangdong | China | 138300 | 138300 |
| Wuda | China | 137800 | 137800 |
| Shuimogou | China | 137700 | 137700 |
| Yongan | China | 137500 | 137500 |
| Xuanzhou | China | 137000 | 137000 |
| Huaihua | China | 136900 | 136900 |
| Langfang | China | 136500 | 136500 |
| Puqi | China | 136500 | 136500 |
| Shuangcheng | China | 136500 | 136500 |
| Daxian | China | 135900 | 135900 |
| Pingxiang | China | 135100 | 528900 |
| Jincheng | China | 135100 | 135100 |
| Jiagedagi | China | 134900 | 134900 |
| Tongren | China | 134400 | 134400 |
| Yakeshi | China | 134100 | 134100 |
| Sanmenxia | China | 133900 | 133900 |
| Linchuan | China | 133300 | 133300 |
| Jiangyou | China | 132200 | 132200 |
| Jinchang | China | 131900 | 131900 |
| Dali | China | 131700 | 131700 |
| Jiupu | China | 130000 | 130000 |
| Baoshan | China | 129200 | 129200 |
| Zhoucun | China | 128500 | 128500 |
| Licheng | China | 128300 | 128300 |
| Honggang | China | 127600 | 127600 |
| Macheng | China | 127300 | 127300 |
| Yushu | China | 127200 | 127200 |
| Fengcheng | China | 126500 | 126500 |
| Luohe | China | 126300 | 126300 |
| Hami | China | 126000 | 126000 |
| Huangzhou | China | 125900 | 125900 |
| Nancha | China | 125700 | 125700 |
| Xingyi | China | 125600 | 125600 |
| Jiaohe | China | 125400 | 125400 |
| Daan | China | 125100 | 125100 |
| Dawukou | China | 124000 | 124000 |
| Gaozhou | China | 123400 | 123400 |
| Hangu | China | 122500 | 122500 |
| Laiwu | China | 122100 | 122100 |
| Kaiyuan | China | 121500 | 121500 |
| Suining | China | 121500 | 121500 |
| Wuning | China | 121300 | 121300 |
| Anbu | China | 121000 | 121000 |
| Shishou | China | 120700 | 120700 |
| Loudi | China | 120200 | 120200 |
| Bantou | China | 120100 | 120100 |
| Yidu | China | 120100 | 120100 |
| Xichang | China | 119400 | 119400 |
| Binzhou | China | 118900 | 118900 |
| Hekou | China | 118800 | 118800 |
| Linqing | China | 118700 | 118700 |
| Yanan | China | 118700 | 118700 |
| Wencheng | China | 118400 | 118400 |
| Mingshui | China | 117900 | 117900 |
| Zhuozhou | China | 117900 | 117900 |
| Qianjiang | China | 116900 | 116900 |
| Ruian | China | 116500 | 116500 |
| Karamay | China | 116300 | 116300 |
| Lengshuijiang | China | 116100 | 116100 |
| Qianguo | China | 115800 | 115800 |
| Changji | China | 115700 | 115700 |
| Shahe | China | 115600 | 115600 |
| Daan | China | 115200 | 115200 |
| Taonan | China | 115000 | 115000 |
| Lasa | China | 114800 | 114800 |
| Hailun | China | 114700 | 114700 |
| Tieli | China | 114500 | 114500 |
| Xinan | China | 114200 | 114200 |
| Chuncheng | China | 114100 | 114100 |
| Shaowu | China | 114100 | 114100 |
| Hulan | China | 113900 | 113900 |
| Meizhou | China | 113800 | 113800 |
| Dongtai | China | 113600 | 113600 |
| Chenghai | China | 113200 | 113200 |
| Nehe | China | 113000 | 113000 |
| Zhucheng | China | 112800 | 112800 |
| Qingyuan | China | 112400 | 112400 |
| Wuwei | China | 112400 | 112400 |
| Xiangdong | China | 112400 | 112400 |
| Rongcheng | China | 111900 | 111900 |
| Beibei | China | 111800 | 111800 |
| Sucheng | China | 111800 | 111800 |
| Yingzhong | China | 111800 | 111800 |
| Linshui | China | 111400 | 111400 |
| Longjiang | China | 111100 | 111100 |
| Dehui | China | 110900 | 110900 |
| Yushan | China | 110500 | 110500 |
| Jiangyin | China | 110400 | 110400 |
| Jinma | China | 110200 | 110200 |
| Tinshuiwei | China | 110200 | 110200 |
| Yaan | China | 109700 | 109700 |
| Pulandian | China | 109500 | 109500 |
| Buhe | China | 109200 | 109200 |
| Majie | China | 109000 | 109000 |
| Anqiu | China | 108400 | 108400 |
| Zhaoyang | China | 108400 | 108400 |
| Tengzhou | China | 108200 | 108200 |
| Taicheng | China | 108000 | 108000 |
| Zhaotong | China | 107900 | 107900 |
| Didao | China | 107500 | 107500 |
| Songjiang | China | 107500 | 107500 |
| Zhalainuoer | China | 107100 | 107100 |
| Shunyi | China | 106800 | 106800 |
| Weihai | China | 106200 | 106200 |
| Yuyao | China | 106200 | 106200 |
| Jishu | China | 106000 | 106000 |
| Jiayuguan | China | 104500 | 104500 |
| Shenjiamen | China | 104400 | 104400 |
| Sanbu | China | 104300 | 104300 |
| Jinchengjiang | China | 104100 | 104100 |
| Xingcheng | China | 103900 | 103900 |
| Zhaocheng | China | 103400 | 103400 |
| Pingliang | China | 103200 | 103200 |
| Zhuji | China | 103000 | 103000 |
| Lianran | China | 102800 | 102800 |
| Xilinhaote | China | 102500 | 102500 |
| Yunyang | China | 102400 | 102400 |
| Zhangye | China | 102400 | 102400 |
| Jieshi | China | 102100 | 102100 |
| Linxi | China | 101700 | 101700 |
| Meihekou | China | 101400 | 101400 |
| Xinshi | China | 101100 | 101100 |
| Lishui | China | 101000 | 101000 |
| Shiqiao | China | 100500 | 100500 |
| Nongan | China | 100000 | 100000 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World’s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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