Estonia Forest Information and Data

According to the U.N. FAO, 52.3% or about 2,217,000 ha of Estonia is forested, according to FAO. Of this 43.5% ( 964,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Estonia had 168,000 ha of planted forest.

Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Estonia lost an average of 6,350 ha or 0.30% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Estonia gained 6.1% of its forest cover, or around 127,000 ha.

Estonia's forests contain 165 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Estonia has some 351 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.0% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 2.0% are threatened. Estonia is home to at least 1630 species of vascular plants. 7.6% of Estonia is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

The following contains data relating to forest cover in Estonia

Previous version of this profile (2009)

SECTIONS:

Forest Cover | Breakdown of forest types | Change in Forest Cover | Deforestation | Primary forest | Planted forest | Forest designation | Forest ownership | Growing stock | Carbon stock | Disturbances affecting forest land | Removals | Removals Value | Employment | Forest policy | Human resources | Revenue | Agreements | Protected areas | Biodiversity - Wildlife | Biodiversity - Plants | Environment | Land use / Resources | Economy | Population / Demographics | Infrastructure | Health | References | Books

Home  What's New  About  Rainforests    Mission    Introduction    Characteristics    Biodiversity    The Canopy    Forest Floor    Forest Waters    Indigenous People    Deforestation    Consequences    Saving Rainforests    Amazon    Borneo    Congo    New Guinea    Sulawesi    REDD    Country Profiles    Statistics    Works Cited    For Kids    For Teachers    Photos/Images    Expert Interviews    Rainforest News   Forest data    Global deforestation    Tropical deforestation    By country    Deforestation charts    Regional forest data    Deforestation drivers  XML Feeds  Pictures  Books  Education  Newsletter  Contact

Estonia: Forest Cover, 2010 Total Land Area (1000 ha) 4239 Total Forest Area (1000 ha) 2217 Percent Forest Cover 52 Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) 964 Primary Forest, % total forest 43 Other wooded land (1000 ha) 133 Percent other wooded land 3 Estonia: Breakdown of forest types, 2010 Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) 964 43 Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) 1085 49 Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) 168 8 Estonia: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010 TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 2090 2243 2252 2217 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 15 2 -7 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 0.71 0.08 -0.31 Estonia: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010 FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 2090 2073 2082 2049 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 -2 -2 -2 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 -0.1 -0.08 -0.12 Estonia: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010 PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 - 976 980 964 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 - 1 -3 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 - 0.08 -0.33 Estonia: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010 PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 - 170 170 168 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 - 0 n.s. ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 - 0.0 -0.24 Estonia: Primary designated function (percent) Production Protection of soil and water Conservation of biodiversity Social services Multiple use Other None or unknown 66 12 9 0 13 0 0 Estonia: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent) OWNERSHIP PATTERN Public ownership Private ownership Other 40 43 17 PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Individuals Business entities and institutions Local, indigenous and tribal communities 80 20 0 HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS Public administration Individuals Business entities and Institutions Communities Other 100 n.s. 0 0 0 Estonia: Growing stock in forest GROWING STOCK IN FOREST Total (million m3) Per hectare (m3) Coniferous (million m3) Broadleaved (million m3) % commercial species 449 203 253 197 100 GROWING STOCK IN FOREST Total (million m3) Per hectare (m3) Coniferous (million m3) Broadleaved (million m3) % commercial species 6 44 Estonia: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010 CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS (million metric tons) 1990 2000 2005 2010 - 168 167 165 CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS (per hectare in tons) 2000 74 ANNUAL CHANGE (1 000 t/yr) 1990 2000 2005 2010 - n.s. n.s. ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE (t/ha/yr) 1990 2000 2005 2010 - n.s. n.s. Estonia: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005 FOREST FIRE 1000 ha % wild fire (not managed burn) 1 100 EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE Insects Diseases Other biotic agents Abiotic factors Total (excluding fire) % of 2005 forest area 1 3 2 12 18 1 Estonia: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005 INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) 1990 2000 2005 percent of which from forest 2005 - 8975 4565 98 WOODFUEL Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) 1990 2000 2005 percent of which from forest 2005 - 2194 1590 98 Estonia: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005 Value of removals (million US$) Value per ha forest (US$) Industrial roundwood Woodfuel NWFP Total 215 26 - - - Estonia: Employment in forestry 1990-2005 TOTAL (1000 full-time employees) 1990 2000 2005 10 10 6 IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY (1000 full-time employees) 1990 2000 2005 10 10 6 IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION (1000 full-time employees) 1990 2000 2005 n.s. n.s. n.s. Estonia: Forest policy and legal framework 2008 National forest policy (year): Yes (1997) Sub-national forest policy: No National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2002) Under revision National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2007) Sub-national forest law: No Estonia: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008 2000 2005 2008 # % female # % female # % female 137 23 227 27 241 32 Estonia: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005 Forest revenue Public expenditure (1000 US$) Domestic funding External funding Total (1000 US$) Operational expenditure Transfer payments Operational expenditure Transfer payments Operational expenditure Transfer payments - - 1398 - 1384 - 2783 Estonia: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010 CbD: UNFCCC: Kyoto Protocol: UNCCD: ITTA: CITeS: Ramsar: World Heritage Convention: NlbI: [an error occurred while processing this directive] Estonia: Environment Environment - current issues air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was one twentieth the level of 1980; in connection with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Natural hazards sometimes flooding occurs in the spring Estonia: Land use / Resources Land use (%) arable land: 16.04% permanent crops: 0.45% other: 83.51% (2001) Natural resources oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud Estonia: Economy Economy - overview: Estonia, as a new member of the World Trade Organization and the European Union, has transitioned effectively to a modern market economy with strong ties to the West, including the pegging of its currency to the euro. The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and is greatly influenced by developments in Finland, Sweden, and Germany, three major trading partners. The current account deficit remains high; however, the state budget is essentially in balance, and public debt is low. GDP - per capita $16,400 (2005 est.) GDP - real growth rate (%) 7.1% (2005 est.) Agriculture - products potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish GDP - composition by sector (%) agriculture: 4.1%, industry: 29.1%, services: 66.8% (2005 est.) Industries engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textile; information technology, telecommunications Economic aid - recipient $108 million (2000) Debt - external $10.09 billion (30 June 2005 est.) Population below poverty line (%) NA (2000) Labor force - by occupation (%) agriculture 11%, industry 20%, services 69% (1999 est.) Estonia: Population / Demographics Population (July 2005) 1,332,893 Population growth rate (%) (2005) -0.65% Population density (people/sq km) (2005) 30.8 Percent rural (2003) 30.6% Median age (years) total: 39.06 years Total fertility rate (children born/woman) 1.39 (2005 est.) Ethnic groups (%) Estonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian 1.3%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.2% (2000 census) Largest Cities in Estonia Cities and urban areas in Estonia with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002. City Country City Population Urban Area Population Tallinn Estonia 386100 386100 Tartu Estonia 100500 100500 Estonia: Infrastructure Telephones - main lines in use 475,000 (2002) Telephones - mobile cellular 881,000 (2002) Roadways (km) total: 56,849 km paved: 13,303 km (including 99 km of expressways) unpaved: 45,546 km (2003) Estonia: Health Life expectancy at birth (years) total population: 71.77 years male: 66.28 years female: 77.6 years (2005 est.) Infant mortality rate 7.87 deaths/1,000 live births HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) 1.1% (2001 est.) Estonia : References & Data Sources  Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005  Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)  Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.  Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.  RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.  World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site  The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund  With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com Select a Country or Region INDEX Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Caribbean Cayman Islands Central African Republic Central America Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Cote d�Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic DR Congo East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Korea Norway Oceania Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russia Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Lucia Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South America South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States United States of America United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Viet Nam Vietnam Virgin Islands Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Tropical rainforest information  World Rainforests  Rainforest Structure  Rainforest Biodiversity  Canopy  Forest Floor  Rainforest Waters  Indigenous People  Deforestation  Global Importance  Rainforest Conservation  Country Reports update soon  References  Deforestation Tables  The Amazon Rainforest update soon  The Congo Rainforest update soon  Deforestation in Brazil  Rainforest Images   Web mongabay.com Mongabay Rainforests Mongabay News Mongabay Photos