TROPICAL RAINFORESTS: Deforestation rates tables and charts

Philippines Forest Information and Data

According to the U.N. FAO, 25.7% or about 7,665,000 ha of Philippines is forested, according to FAO. Of this 11.2% ( 861,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Philippines had 352,000 ha of planted forest.

Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Philippines lost an average of 54,750 ha or 0.83% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Philippines gained 16.7% of its forest cover, or around 1,095,000 ha.

Philippines's forests contain 663 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Philippines has some 1196 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 45.8% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 14.7% are threatened. Philippines is home to at least 8931 species of vascular plants, of which 39.2% are endemic. 5.1% of Philippines is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

2011 Update

In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper in PNAS with
new carbon stock estimates for global tropical forests.

Forest definition (canopy cover %)10% tree cover25% tree cover30% tree cover
Forest Area (M ha)211311
Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C)1,8101,1761,068
Belowground forest carbon (Mt C)502324293
Total forest carbon (Mt C)2,3121,5001,361
Average Carbon Density (t C/ha)111118120
M=million, t=metric tons; all figures are mean carbon stock values

Philippines Environmental profile

The following contains data relating to forest cover in Philippines

Previous version of this profile (2009)

SECTIONS:

Forest Cover | Breakdown of forest types | Change in Forest Cover | Deforestation | Primary forest | Planted forest | Forest designation | Forest ownership | Growing stock | Carbon stock | Disturbances affecting forest land | Removals | Removals Value | Employment | Forest policy | Human resources | Revenue | Agreements | Protected areas | Biodiversity - Wildlife | Biodiversity - Plants | Environment | Land use / Resources | Economy | Population / Demographics | Infrastructure | Health | References | Books










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Philippines: Forest Cover, 2010
Total Land Area (1000 ha)29817
Total Forest Area (1000 ha)7665
Percent Forest Cover26
Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha)861
Primary Forest, % total forest11
Other wooded land (1000 ha)10128
Percent other wooded land34




Philippines: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)86111
Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)645284
Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)3525


Philippines: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
6570711773917665
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
555555
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
0.800.760.73


Philippines: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
6268.006790.007051.007313.00
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
5252.0052.00
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
0.80.830.77


Philippines: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
861861861861
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000


Philippines: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
302327340352
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
332
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
0.800.780.70


Philippines: Primary designated function (percent)
ProductionProtection of soil and waterConservation of biodiversitySocial servicesMultiple useOtherNone or unknown
768160000


Philippines: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
OWNERSHIP PATTERN
Public ownershipPrivate ownershipOther
85150


PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
IndividualsBusiness entities and institutionsLocal, indigenous and tribal communities
---


HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS
Public administrationIndividualsBusiness entities and InstitutionsCommunitiesOther
32n.s.20470
Philippines: Growing stock in forest
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total
(million m3)
Per hectare
(m3)
Coniferous
(million m3)
Broadleaved
(million m3)
% commercial species
1278167421237-
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total (million m3)Per hectare (m3)Coniferous (million m3)Broadleaved (million m3)% commercial species
22322


Philippines: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons)
1990200020052010
641655660663
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons)
2000
87
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr)
1990200020052010
111
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr)
1990200020052010
-0.6-0.6-0.6


Philippines: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
FOREST FIRE
1000 ha% wild fire (not managed burn)
2100


EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE
InsectsDiseasesOther biotic agentsAbiotic factorsTotal (excluding fire)% of 2005 forest area
n.s.n.s.0n.s.n.s.n.s.


Philippines: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
2568628791100
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
123116349100


Philippines: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$)
Value per ha forest
(US$)
Industrial roundwoodWoodfuelNWFPTotal
11922123n.s.


Philippines: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
181924
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
181823
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
111


Philippines: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (1995)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2003) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1975) Sub-national forest law: No

Philippines: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
200020052008
#% female#% female#% female
739327775928762728


Philippines: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
Forest revenuePublic expenditure (1000 US$)
Domestic fundingExternal fundingTotal
(1000 US$)Operational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer payments
247635988---35988-


Philippines: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
  • CbD:
  • UNFCCC:
  • Kyoto Protocol:
  • UNCCD:
  • ITTA:
  • CITeS:
  • Ramsar:
  • World Heritage Convention:
  • NlbI: [an error occurred while processing this directive] Philippines: Environment
    Environment - current issuesuncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding grounds
    Environment - international agreementsparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
    signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
    Natural hazardsastride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis


    Philippines: Land use / Resources
    Land use (%)arable land: 18.95%
    permanent crops: 16.77%
    other: 64.28% (2001)
    Natural resourcestimber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper


    Philippines: Economy
    Economy - overview:The Philippines was less severely affected by the Asian financial crisis of 1998 than its neighbors, aided in part by its high level of annual remittances from overseas workers, and no sustained runup in asset prices or foreign borrowing prior to the crisis. From a 0.6% decline in 1998, GDP expanded by 2.4% in 1999, and 4.4% in 2000, but slowed to 3.2% in 2001 in the context of a global economic slowdown, an export slump, and political and security concerns. GDP growth accelerated to about 5% between 2002 and 2005 reflecting the continued resilience of the service sector, and improved exports and agricultural output. Nonetheless, it will take a higher, sustained growth path to make appreciable progress in the alleviation of poverty given the Philippines' high annual population growth rate and unequal distribution of income. The Philippines also faces higher oil prices, higher interest rates on its dollar borrowings, and higher inflation. Fiscal constraints limit Manila's ability to finance infrastructure and social spending. The Philippines' consistently large budget deficit has produced a high debt level. This has forced Manila to spend a large portion of the national government budget on debt service. Large unprofitable public enterprises, especially in the energy sector, contribute to the government's debt because of slow progress on privatization. Credit rating agencies have expressed concern about the Philippines' ability to service the debt. Legislative progress on new revenue measures will weigh heavily on credit rating decisions.
    GDP - per capita$5,100 (2005 est.)
    GDP - real growth rate (%)4.7% (2005 est.)
    Agriculture - productssugarcane, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas, casavas, pineapples, fish, mangoes, pork, eggs, beef
    GDP - composition by sector (%)agriculture: 14.8%, industry: 31.7%, services: 53.5% (2005 est.)
    Industries electronics assembly, garments, footwear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing
    Economic aid - recipientODA commitments, $2 billion (2004)
    Debt - external$67.62 billion (2005 est.)
    Population below poverty line (%)40% (2001 est.)
    Labor force - by occupation (%)agriculture 36%, industry 16%, services 48% (2004 est.)


    Philippines: Population / Demographics
    Population (July 2005)87,857,473
    Population growth rate (%) (2005)1.84%
    Population density (people/sq km) (2005)294.7
    Percent rural (2003)39.0%
    Median age (years)total: 22.27 years
    Total fertility rate (children born/woman)3.16 (2005 est.)
    Ethnic groups (%)Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)


    Largest Cities in Philippines

    Cities and urban areas in Philippines with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.

    CityCountryCity PopulationUrban Area Population
    ManilaPhilippines1013320013503200
    DavaoPhilippines8738001170100
    CebuPhilippines7473001198000
    BacolodPhilippines440700755400
    CagayanPhilippines425800425800
    IloiloPhilippines378200378200
    AngelesPhilippines278000278000
    BaguioPhilippines262600262600
    San PedroPhilippines239700239700
    San FernandoPhilippines236600236600
    LucenaPhilippines225000225000
    General SantosPhilippines202500202500
    OlongapoPhilippines202200202200
    CalambaPhilippines192700192700
    TaclobanPhilippines184200184200
    MalolosPhilippines180700180700
    CotabatoPhilippines170900170900
    ZamboangaPhilippines152500152500
    ToledoPhilippines145100145100
    CalbayogPhilippines142200142200
    NagaPhilippines141300141300
    MarawiPhilippines137700137700
    DagupanPhilippines133300133300
    RoxasPhilippines131100131100
    San PabloPhilippines128700128700
    Los Ba�osPhilippines128500128500
    BaliuagPhilippines126300126300
    CabanatuanPhilippines125400125400
    ButuanPhilippines120300120300
    GuaguaPhilippines116900116900
    SantiagoPhilippines113700113700
    DumaguetePhilippines110600110600
    Santa CruzPhilippines110100110100
    TagumPhilippines107100107100


    Philippines: Infrastructure
    Telephones - main lines in use3,310,900 (2002)
    Telephones - mobile cellular15.201 million (2002)
    Roadways (km)total: 202,124 km
    paved: 19,202 km
    unpaved: 182,922 km (2002)


    Philippines: Health
    Life expectancy at birth (years)total population: 69.91 years
    male: 67.03 years
    female: 72.92 years (2005 est.)
    Infant mortality rate23.51 deaths/1,000 live births
    HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%)less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
    Major infectious diseasesdegree of risk: high
    food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
    vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations
    animal contact disease: rabies (2004)

    Philippines : References & Data Sources
     Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
     Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
     Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
     Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
     RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
     World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
     The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
     Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
     With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com



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    "Rainforest" is used interchangeably with "rain forest" on this site.
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