Viet Nam: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 32,549,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 12,931,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 39.73% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | 85,000 | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 0.66% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 0.26% | | Other wooded land (ha) | 2,259,000 |
Viet Nam : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 98% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 2% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 0% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Viet Nam: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | 85,000 | 0.7% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 10,151,000 | 78.5% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | - | - | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 1,792,000 | 13.9% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 903,000 | 7.0% |
Viet Nam: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 9,363,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 11,725,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 12,931,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 236,200 | 2.52% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 241,200 | 2.06% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 3,568,000 | 38.11% | | Change in rate (%) | -18.45% | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | 384,000 | | Primary 2000 (ha) | 187,000 | | Primary 2005 (ha) | 85,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (19,700) | -5.13% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (20,400) | -10.91% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (299,000) | -77.86% | | Change in rate (%) | 112.64% | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | - | | Other 2000 (ha) | 1,816,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 2,259,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 181,600 | #DIV/0! | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 88,600 | 4.88% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 2,259,000 | #DIV/0! | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | 967,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 2,050,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 2,695,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 108,300 | 11.20% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 129,000 | 6.29% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 1,728,000 | 178.70% | | Change in rate (%) | -43.81% | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 8,396,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 11,491,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 12,495,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 309,500 | 3.69% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 200,800 | 1.75% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 4,099,000 | 48.82% | | Change in rate (%) | -52.60% |
Viet Nam: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 85,000 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | - | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 85,000 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 0.26% |
Viet Nam: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 56.1% | | Private (%) | 17.7% | | Other (%) | 26.1% | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | - | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | - | | Designated functions of forest – primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 39.8% | | Protection (%) | 45.5% | | Conservation (%) | 14.7% | | Social Services (%) | - | | Multiple Services (%) | - | | None of Unknown (%) | - |
Viet Nam: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | - | | Insects (ha) | - | | Diseases (ha) | - | | Other (ha) | - |
Viet Nam: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | 4 | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 1 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 5 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 3.4% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 0.80% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 2.51% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.00% |
Viet Nam: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 132 | | endemic species | 37 | | threatened species | 15 | | Birds | | total species | 837 | | endemic species | 29 | | threatened species | 41 | | Mammals | | total species | 279 | | endemic species | 8 | | threatened species | 41 | | Reptiles | | total species | 286 | | endemic species | 52 | | threatened species | 24 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 1534 | | endemic species | 126 | | threatened species | 121 |
Viet Nam: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 7.20% | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 18.50% | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | 800 | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 25 | | Endangered | 36 | | Vulnerable | 85 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | 10500 | | Number endemic | 1260 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 145 |
Viet Nam: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | 1,893 | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | 455 | | Dead wood (M t) | 258 | | Total (M t) | 2,606 | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | 947 | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | 227 | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | 129 | | Carbon in litter (M t) | 27 | | Soil carbon (M t) | 623 | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | 13,570 | | 2000-2005 | 11,183 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | -0.26 | | 2000-2005 | -0.4 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 2,500 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | 21,235 | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 23,735 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | 3 | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | 1,337 | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | 4,343 | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | 23 | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | 318,000 | | Other plant products (t) | - | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | 56 | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | $91,579,000 | | Wood fuel (US$) | $77,788,000 | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | $289,507,000 | | Total value (US$) | $458,874,000 | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $35 | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | 210,000 |
Viet Nam : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 26,547 | | Imports | - | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 26,547 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 4,183 | | Imports | 54 | | Exports | 15 | | Consumption | 4,222 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 2,950 | | Imports | 207 | | Exports | 15 | | Consumption | 3,142 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 40 | | Imports | 42 | | Exports | 9 | | Consumption | 73 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 314 | | Imports | 33 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 347 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 384 | | Imports | 140 | | Exports | 2 | | Consumption | 522 |
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Vietnam: Environment
| Environment - current issues | logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; growing urban industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta |
Vietnam: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 19.97%
permanent crops: 5.95%
other: 74.08% (2001) | | Natural resources | phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower |
Vietnam: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Vietnam is a densely-populated, developing country that in the last 30 years has had to recover from the ravages of war, the loss of financial support from the old Soviet Bloc, and the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy. Substantial progress was achieved from 1986 to 1997 in moving forward from an extremely low level of development and significantly reducing poverty. Growth averaged around 9% per year from 1993 to 1997. The 1997 Asian financial crisis highlighted the problems in the Vietnamese economy and temporarily allowed opponents of reform to slow progress towards a market-oriented economy. GDP growth of 8.5% in 1997 fell to 6% in 1998 and 5% in 1999. Growth then rose to 7% in 2000-05 even against the background of global recession. Since 2001, however, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic liberalization and international integration. They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. However, equitization of state-owned enterprises and reduction in the proportion of non-performing loans has fallen behind schedule. Vietnam's membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry into force of the US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade in December 2001 have led to even more rapid changes in Vietnam's trade and economic regime. Vietnam's exports to the US doubled in 2002 and again in 2003. Vietnam became a member of the WTO in 2005. Among other benefits, accession allows Vietnam to take advantage of the phase out of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, which eliminated quotas on textiles and clothing for WTO partners on 1 January 2005. Vietnam is working to promote job creation to keep up with the country's high population growth rate. However, high levels of inflation have prompted Vietnamese authorities to tighten monetary and fiscal policies. | | GDP - per capita | $3,000 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 7.6% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | paddy rice, coffee, fish and seafood, rubber, cotton, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas, poultry | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 21%, industry: 40.9%, services: 38.1% (2005 est.) | | Industries | food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, coal, steel, paper | | Economic aid - recipient | $2.8 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 2000 (2004) | | Debt - external | $19.17 billion (2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 28.9% (2002 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 63%, industry and services 37% (2000 est.) |
Vietnam: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 83,535,576 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.04% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 256.7 | | Median age (years) | total: 25.51 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.94 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999 census) |
Largest Cities in Vietnam
Cities and urban areas in Vietnam with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) | Vietnam | 3378500 | 5728900 |
| Hanoi | Vietnam | 1372800 | 2503000 |
| Haiphong | Vietnam | 572100 | 1792400 |
| Danang | Vietnam | 446000 | 446000 |
| Bien Hoa | Vietnam | 365500 | 365500 |
| Hue | Vietnam | 266800 | 266800 |
| Nha Trang | Vietnam | 265300 | 265300 |
| Can Tho | Vietnam | 248300 | 248300 |
| Qui Nhon | Vietnam | 196200 | 196200 |
| Rach Gia | Vietnam | 194900 | 194900 |
| Nam Dinh | Vietnam | 188800 | 188800 |
| Vung Tau | Vietnam | 184100 | 184100 |
| Long Xuyen | Vietnam | 153000 | 153000 |
| Hong Gai | Vietnam | 142800 | 142800 |
| Phan Thiet | Vietnam | 141500 | 141500 |
| Cam Ranh | Vietnam | 141200 | 141200 |
| Cam Pha | Vietnam | 139700 | 139700 |
| Buon Me Thuot | Vietnam | 133400 | 133400 |
| Thai Nguyen | Vietnam | 131900 | 131900 |
| Da Lat | Vietnam | 125000 | 125000 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World’s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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