TROPICAL RAINFORESTS: Deforestation rates tables and charts

Canada Forest Information and Data

According to the U.N. FAO, 34.1% or about 310,134,000 ha of Canada is forested, according to FAO. Of this 53.3% ( 165,448,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Canada had 8,963,000 ha of planted forest. Canada's forests contain 13,908 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Canada has some 766 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 1.7% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 5.0% are threatened. Canada is home to at least 3270 species of vascular plants, of which 4.5% are endemic. 5.3% of Canada is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

The following contains data relating to forest cover in Canada

Previous version of this profile (2009)

SECTIONS:

Forest Cover | Breakdown of forest types | Change in Forest Cover | Deforestation | Primary forest | Planted forest | Forest designation | Forest ownership | Growing stock | Carbon stock | Disturbances affecting forest land | Removals | Removals Value | Employment | Forest policy | Human resources | Revenue | Agreements | Protected areas | Biodiversity - Wildlife | Biodiversity - Plants | Environment | Land use / Resources | Economy | Population / Demographics | Infrastructure | Health | References | Books










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Canada: Forest Cover, 2010
Total Land Area (1000 ha)909351
Total Forest Area (1000 ha)310134
Percent Forest Cover34
Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha)165448
Primary Forest, % total forest53
Other wooded land (1000 ha)91951
Percent other wooded land10




Canada: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)16544853
Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)13572344
Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)89633


Canada: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
310134310134310134310134
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000


Canada: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
308777304314302086301171
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-446-446-314
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-0.1-0.14-0.1


Canada: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
165448165448165448165448
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000


Canada: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
1357582080488963
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
446446183
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
15.676.702.18


Canada: Primary designated function (percent)
ProductionProtection of soil and waterConservation of biodiversitySocial servicesMultiple useOtherNone or unknown
10508707


Canada: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
OWNERSHIP PATTERN
Public ownershipPrivate ownershipOther
928n.s.


PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
IndividualsBusiness entities and institutionsLocal, indigenous and tribal communities
84160


HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS
Public administrationIndividualsBusiness entities and InstitutionsCommunitiesOther
1000000
Canada: Growing stock in forest
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total
(million m3)
Per hectare
(m3)
Coniferous
(million m3)
Broadleaved
(million m3)
% commercial species
32983106253367647-
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total (million m3)Per hectare (m3)Coniferous (million m3)Broadleaved (million m3)% commercial species
--


Canada: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons)
1990200020052010
14284143171402113908
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons)
2000
45
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr)
1990200020052010
3-59-23
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr)
1990200020052010
n.s.n.s.n.s.


Canada: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
FOREST FIRE
1000 ha% wild fire (not managed burn)
1230100


EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE
InsectsDiseasesOther biotic agentsAbiotic factorsTotal (excluding fire)% of 2005 forest area
17273-----


Canada: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
188753212012214057-
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
711232923251-


Canada: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$)
Value per ha forest
(US$)
Industrial roundwoodWoodfuelNWFPTotal
13425-264--


Canada: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
---
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
738770
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
---


Canada: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2008)
Sub-national forest policy: Yes
National forest program (year) - status: No (-) -
National forest law (year): No national forest law (-) Sub-national forest law: Yes

Canada: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
200020052008
#% female#% female#% female
------


Canada: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
Forest revenuePublic expenditure (1000 US$)
Domestic fundingExternal fundingTotal
(1000 US$)Operational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer payments
1264886------


Canada: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
  • CbD:
  • UNFCCC:
  • Kyoto Protocol:
  • UNCCD:
  • ITTA:
  • CITeS:
  • Ramsar:
  • World Heritage Convention:
  • NlbI: [an error occurred while processing this directive] Canada: Environment
    Environment - current issuesair pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities
    Environment - international agreementsparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
    signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation
    Natural hazardscontinuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains


    Canada: Land use / Resources
    Land use (%)arable land: 4.96%
    permanent crops: 0.02%
    other: 95.02% (2001)
    Natural resourcesiron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower


    Canada: Economy
    Economy - overview:As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, in the trillion dollar class, Canada closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US. Given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. Solid fiscal management has produced a balanced budget, although public debate continues over how to manage the rising cost of the publicly funded healthcare system. Exports account for roughly a third of GDP. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with its principal trading partner, the United States, which absorbs more than 85% of Canadian exports.
    GDP - per capita$32,800 (2005 est.)
    GDP - real growth rate (%)2.8% (2005 est.)
    Agriculture - productswheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish
    GDP - composition by sector (%)agriculture: 2.2%, industry: 29.1%, services: 68.7% (2005 est.)
    Industries transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas
    Population below poverty line (%)15.9% (2003)
    Debt - external$600.7 billion (30 June 2005)
    Labor force - by occupation (%)agriculture 2%, manufacturing 14%, construction 5%, services 75%, other 3% (2004)


    Canada: Population / Demographics
    Population (July 2005)32,805,041
    Population growth rate (%) (2005)0.90%
    Population density (people/sq km) (2005)3.6
    Percent rural (2003)19.6%
    Median age (years)total: 38.54 years
    Total fertility rate (children born/woman)1.61 (2005 est.)
    Ethnic groups (%)British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%


    Largest Cities in Canada

    Cities and urban areas in Canada with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.

    CityCountryCity PopulationUrban Area Population
    TorontoCanada25714005462100
    MontrealCanada10386003523400
    CalgaryCanada864500870300
    EdmontonCanada693700913600
    WinnipegCanada635100706700
    MississaugaCanada586800586800
    VancouverCanada5340001940100
    LondonCanada350900350900
    OttawaCanada3485001070300
    HamiltonCanada347500347500
    LavalCanada337600337600
    SurreyCanada316300316300
    BramptonCanada289200289200
    WindsorCanada213100213100
    SaskatoonCanada196100196100
    BurnabyCanada194700194700
    KitchenerCanada192300192300
    MarkhamCanada186900186900
    ReginaCanada182700182700
    QuebecCanada170900711700
    RichmondCanada154700154700
    BurlingtonCanada147700147700
    OshawaCanada144800144800
    VaughanCanada142900142900
    Saint CatharinesCanada141100141100
    OakvilleCanada138400138400
    LongueuilCanada130800130800
    NepeanCanada124100124100
    Thunder BayCanada122500122500
    Cape BretonCanada118000118000
    HalifaxCanada117100117100
    GloucesterCanada112100112100
    Richmond HillCanada109700109700
    CambridgeCanada109300109300
    AbbotsfordCanada107400107400
    CoquitlamCanada105800105800
    SaanichCanada105300105300
    GuelphCanada103300103300
    GatineauCanada102900102900


    Canada: Infrastructure
    Telephones - main lines in use19,950,900 (2003)
    Telephones - mobile cellular13,221,800 (2003)
    Roadways (km)total: 1,408,800 km
    paved: 493,080 km (including 16,906 km of expressways)
    unpaved: 915,720 km (2002)


    Canada: Health
    Life expectancy at birth (years)total population: 80.1 years
    male: 76.73 years
    female: 83.63 years (2005 est.)
    Infant mortality rate4.75 deaths/1,000 live births
    HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%)0.3% (2003 est.)

    Canada : References & Data Sources
     Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
     Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
     Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
     Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
     RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
     World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
     The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
     Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
     With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com



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