TROPICAL RAINFORESTS: Deforestation rates tables and charts

Romania Forest Information and Data

According to the U.N. FAO, 28.6% or about 6,573,000 ha of Romania is forested, according to FAO. Of this 4.6% ( 300,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Romania had 1,446,000 ha of planted forest.

Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Romania lost an average of 10,100 ha or 0.16% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Romania gained 3.2% of its forest cover, or around 202,000 ha.

Romania's forests contain 618 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Romania has some 507 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.2% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 5.9% are threatened. Romania is home to at least 3400 species of vascular plants, of which 1.2% are endemic. 2.0% of Romania is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

The following contains data relating to forest cover in Romania

Previous version of this profile (2009)

SECTIONS:

Forest Cover | Breakdown of forest types | Change in Forest Cover | Deforestation | Primary forest | Planted forest | Forest designation | Forest ownership | Growing stock | Carbon stock | Disturbances affecting forest land | Removals | Removals Value | Employment | Forest policy | Human resources | Revenue | Agreements | Protected areas | Biodiversity - Wildlife | Biodiversity - Plants | Environment | Land use / Resources | Economy | Population / Demographics | Infrastructure | Health | References | Books










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Romania: Forest Cover, 2010
Total Land Area (1000 ha)22998
Total Forest Area (1000 ha)6573
Percent Forest Cover29
Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha)300
Primary Forest, % total forest5
Other wooded land (1000 ha)160
Percent other wooded land1




Romania: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)3005
Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)482773
Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)144622


Romania: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
6371636663916573
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-1536
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-0.010.080.56


Romania: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
4969496549855127
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
0016
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
0.0-0.010.33


Romania: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
300300300300
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000


Romania: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
1402140114061446
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
n.s.18
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-0.010.070.56


Romania: Primary designated function (percent)
ProductionProtection of soil and waterConservation of biodiversitySocial servicesMultiple useOtherNone or unknown
483956030


Romania: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
OWNERSHIP PATTERN
Public ownershipPrivate ownershipOther
80200


PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
IndividualsBusiness entities and institutionsLocal, indigenous and tribal communities
53470


HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS
Public administrationIndividualsBusiness entities and InstitutionsCommunitiesOther
1000000
Romania: Growing stock in forest
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total
(million m3)
Per hectare
(m3)
Coniferous
(million m3)
Broadleaved
(million m3)
% commercial species
1390212417973100
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total (million m3)Per hectare (m3)Coniferous (million m3)Broadleaved (million m3)% commercial species
--


Romania: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons)
1990200020052010
600599601618
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons)
2000
94
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr)
1990200020052010
n.s.n.s.3
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr)
1990200020052010
n.s.n.s.n.s.


Romania: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
FOREST FIRE
1000 ha% wild fire (not managed burn)
1100


EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE
InsectsDiseasesOther biotic agentsAbiotic factorsTotal (excluding fire)% of 2005 forest area
12665610231156324


Romania: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
----
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
----


Romania: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$)
Value per ha forest
(US$)
Industrial roundwoodWoodfuelNWFPTotal
--14--


Romania: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
797160
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
797160
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
00n.s.


Romania: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2005)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2000) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2008) Sub-national forest law: No

Romania: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
200020052008
#% female#% female#% female
298153011957313


Romania: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
Forest revenuePublic expenditure (1000 US$)
Domestic fundingExternal fundingTotal
(1000 US$)Operational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer payments
-308023682435033237368


Romania: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
  • CbD:
  • UNFCCC:
  • Kyoto Protocol:
  • UNCCD:
  • ITTA:
  • CITeS:
  • Ramsar:
  • World Heritage Convention:
  • NlbI: [an error occurred while processing this directive] Romania: Environment
    Environment - current issuessoil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
    Environment - international agreementsparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
    signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
    Natural hazardsearthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides


    Romania: Land use / Resources
    Land use (%)arable land: 40.82%
    permanent crops: 2.25%
    other: 56.93% (2001)
    Natural resourcespetroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower


    Romania: Economy
    Economy - overview:Romania began the transition from Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets. Despite the global slowdown in 2001-02, strong domestic activity in construction, agriculture, and consumption have kept growth above 4%. An IMF standby agreement, signed in 2001, has been accompanied by slow but palpable gains in privatization, deficit reduction, and the curbing of inflation. The IMF Board approved Romania's completion of the standby agreement in October 2003, the first time Romania has successfully concluded an IMF agreement since the 1989 revolution. In July 2004, the executive board of the IMF approved a 24-month standby agreement for $367 million. Wayward economic policies led to a breakdown of this agreement in 2005, and the IMF has issued harsh criticisms of the government's fiscal, wage, and monetary policies. Meanwhile, recent macroeconomic gains have done little to address Romania's widespread poverty, while corruption and red tape continue to handicap the business environment.
    GDP - per capita$8,300 (2005 est.)
    GDP - real growth rate (%)5.2% (2005 est.)
    Agriculture - productswheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep
    GDP - composition by sector (%)agriculture: 13.1%, industry: 33.7%, services: 53.2% (2004 est.)
    Industries textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining
    Population below poverty line (%)28.9% (2002)
    Debt - external$29.47 billion (2005 est.)
    Labor force - by occupation (%)agriculture 31.6%, industry 30.7%, services 37.7% (2004)


    Romania: Population / Demographics
    Population (July 2005)22,329,977
    Population growth rate (%) (2005)-0.12%
    Population density (people/sq km) (2005)96.9
    Percent rural (2003)45.5%
    Median age (years)total: 36.39 years
    Total fertility rate (children born/woman)1.36 (2005 est.)
    Ethnic groups (%)Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census)


    Largest Cities in Romania

    Cities and urban areas in Romania with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.

    CityCountryCity PopulationUrban Area Population
    BucurestiRomania19772002249400
    IasiRomania354800354800
    GalatiRomania342400342400
    TimisoaraRomania340000340000
    ConstantaRomania337800337800
    Cluj-NapocaRomania332200332200
    CraiovaRomania317600317600
    BrasovRomania309600309600
    PloiestiRomania250600250600
    BrailaRomania231500231500
    OradeaRomania220100220100
    BacauRomania213500213500
    PitestiRomania191400191400
    AradRomania181200181200
    SibiuRomania167000167000
    Targu MuresRomania162800162800
    Baia MareRomania149300149300
    BuzauRomania147100147100
    BotosaniRomania129300129300
    Satu MareRomania126400126400


    Romania: Infrastructure
    Telephones - main lines in use4.3 million (2003)
    Telephones - mobile cellular6.9 million (2003)
    Roadways (km)total: 198,755 km
    paved: 100,173 km (including 113 km of expressways)
    unpaved: 98,582 km (2002)


    Romania: Health
    Life expectancy at birth (years)total population: 71.35 years
    male: 67.86 years
    female: 75.06 years (2005 est.)
    Infant mortality rate26.43 deaths/1,000 live births
    HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%)less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

    Romania : References & Data Sources
     Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
     Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
     Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
     Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
     RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
     World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
     The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
     Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
     With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com



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