TROPICAL RAINFORESTS: Deforestation rates tables and charts

Turkmenistan Forest Information and Data

According to the U.N. FAO, 8.8% or about 4,127,000 ha of Turkmenistan is forested, according to FAO. Turkmenistan's forests contain 12 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Turkmenistan has some 525 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 1.1% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 5.1% are threatened. 4.0% of Turkmenistan is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

The following contains data relating to forest cover in Turkmenistan

Previous version of this profile (2009)

SECTIONS:

Forest Cover | Breakdown of forest types | Change in Forest Cover | Deforestation | Primary forest | Planted forest | Forest designation | Forest ownership | Growing stock | Carbon stock | Disturbances affecting forest land | Removals | Removals Value | Employment | Forest policy | Human resources | Revenue | Agreements | Protected areas | Biodiversity - Wildlife | Biodiversity - Plants | Environment | Land use / Resources | Economy | Population / Demographics | Infrastructure | Health | References | Books










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Turkmenistan: Forest Cover, 2010
Total Land Area (1000 ha)46993
Total Forest Area (1000 ha)4127
Percent Forest Cover9
Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha)104
Primary Forest, % total forest3
Other wooded land (1000 ha)0
Percent other wooded land0




Turkmenistan: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)1043
Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)402397
Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)00


Turkmenistan: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
4127412741274127
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000


Turkmenistan: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
4127412741274127
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
0.00.000.00


Turkmenistan: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
104104104104
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000


Turkmenistan: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
0000
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
000
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
---


Turkmenistan: Primary designated function (percent)
ProductionProtection of soil and waterConservation of biodiversitySocial servicesMultiple useOtherNone or unknown
09730000


Turkmenistan: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
OWNERSHIP PATTERN
Public ownershipPrivate ownershipOther
10000


PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
IndividualsBusiness entities and institutionsLocal, indigenous and tribal communities
---


HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS
Public administrationIndividualsBusiness entities and InstitutionsCommunitiesOther
-----
Turkmenistan: Growing stock in forest
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total
(million m3)
Per hectare
(m3)
Coniferous
(million m3)
Broadleaved
(million m3)
% commercial species
154--0
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total (million m3)Per hectare (m3)Coniferous (million m3)Broadleaved (million m3)% commercial species
--


Turkmenistan: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons)
1990200020052010
11111212
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons)
2000
3
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr)
1990200020052010
0n.s.0
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr)
1990200020052010
0n.s.0


Turkmenistan: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
FOREST FIRE
1000 ha% wild fire (not managed burn)
--


EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE
InsectsDiseasesOther biotic agentsAbiotic factorsTotal (excluding fire)% of 2005 forest area
------


Turkmenistan: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
000-
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
101010-


Turkmenistan: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$)
Value per ha forest
(US$)
Industrial roundwoodWoodfuelNWFPTotal
0n.s.---


Turkmenistan: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
---
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
222
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
---


Turkmenistan: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (-)
Sub-national forest policy: -
National forest program (year) - status: No (-) -
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (-) Sub-national forest law: -

Turkmenistan: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
200020052008
#% female#% female#% female
------


Turkmenistan: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
Forest revenuePublic expenditure (1000 US$)
Domestic fundingExternal fundingTotal
(1000 US$)Operational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer payments
-------


Turkmenistan: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
  • CbD:
  • UNFCCC:
  • Kyoto Protocol:
  • UNCCD:
  • ITTA:
  • CITeS:
  • Ramsar:
  • World Heritage Convention:
  • NlbI: [an error occurred while processing this directive] Turkmenistan: Environment
    Environment - current issuescontamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
    Environment - international agreementsparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
    signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
    Natural hazardsNA


    Turkmenistan: Land use / Resources
    Land use (%)arable land: 3.72%
    permanent crops: 0.14%
    other: 96.14% (2001)
    Natural resourcespetroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt


    Turkmenistan: Economy
    Economy - overview:Turkmenistan is a largely desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and large gas and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; formerly it was the world's tenth-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to an almost 50% decline in cotton exports. With an authoritarian ex-Communist regime in power and a tribally based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization goals remain limited. In 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered from the continued lack of adequate export routes for natural gas and from obligations on extensive short-term external debt. At the same time, however, total exports rose by 20% to 30% per year in 2003-2005, largely because of higher international oil and gas prices. In 2005 Ashgabat sought to raise natural gas export prices to its main customers, Russia and Ukraine, from $44 per thousand cubic meters (tcm) to $66 per tcm. Overall prospects in the near future are discouraging because of widespread internal poverty, the burden of foreign debt, the government's irrational use of oil and gas revenues, and its unwillingness to adopt market-oriented reforms. Turkmenistan's economic statistics are state secrets, and GDP and other figures are subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the rate of GDP growth is uncertain.
    GDP - per capita$5,900 (2005 est.)
    GDP - real growth rate (%)IMF estimate: 7%
    Agriculture - productscotton, grain; livestock
    GDP - composition by sector (%)agriculture: 26.9%, industry: 39.5%, services: 33.6% (2005 est.)
    Industries natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
    Economic aid - recipient$16 million from the US (2001)
    Debt - external$2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)
    Population below poverty line (%)58% (2003 est.)
    Labor force - by occupation (%)agriculture 48.2%, industry 13.8%, services 37% (2003 est.)


    Turkmenistan: Population / Demographics
    Population (July 2005)4,952,081
    Population growth rate (%) (2005)1.81%
    Population density (people/sq km) (2005)10.1
    Percent rural (2003)54.7%
    Median age (years)total: 21.56 years
    Total fertility rate (children born/woman)3.41 (2005 est.)
    Ethnic groups (%)Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)


    Largest Cities in Turkm�nistan

    Cities and urban areas in Turkmenistan with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.

    CityCountryCity PopulationUrban Area Population
    AshqabatTurkm�nistan696900696900
    TurkmenabatTurkm�nistan234700234700
    DashkovuzTurkm�nistan184400184400
    MaryTurkm�nistan125300125300


    Turkmenistan: Infrastructure
    Telephones - main lines in use374,000 (2002)
    Telephones - mobile cellular52,000 (2004)
    Roadways (km)total: 24,000 km
    paved: 19,488 km
    unpaved: 4,512 km (1999 est.)


    Turkmenistan: Health
    Life expectancy at birth (years)total population: 61.39 years
    male: 58.02 years
    female: 64.93 years (2005 est.)
    Infant mortality rate73.08 deaths/1,000 live births
    HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%)less than 0.1% (2004 est.)

    Turkmenistan : References & Data Sources
     Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
     Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
     Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
     Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
     RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
     World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
     The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
     Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
     With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com



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