South America

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South and Central America Environmental profile

SECTIONS:

Forest Cover | Forest types | Breakdown of forest types | Change in Forest Cover | Primary forest | Forest designation | Disturbances affecting forest land | Protected areas | Biodiversity - Wildlife | Biodiversity - Plants | Value of forests | Production, trade and consumption of forest products | Environment | Land use / Resources | Economy | Population / Demographics | Infrastructure | Health | References | Books

Books

[an error occurred while processing this directive] South America: Forest types Tropical (% forest area) 96% Subtropical (% forest area) 2% Temperate (% forest area) 1% Boreal/polar (% forest area) 0% [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] South America: Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002 Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 Production 189,679 Imports 0 Exports 0 Consumption 189,679 Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 Production 153,469 Imports 43 Exports 2,670 Consumption 150,842 Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 Production 33,183 Imports 299 Exports 5,142 Consumption 28,340 Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 Production 9,588 Imports 396 Exports 3,054 Consumption 6,930 Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 Production 11,539 Imports 830 Exports 4,990 Consumption 7,379 Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 Production 11,524 Imports 2,114 Exports 1,244 Consumption 12,394 [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] Largest Cities in South America Cities and urban areas in South America with population over 100,000, sorted by City Population All figures are estimates for 2002. City Country City Population Urban Area Population Urban Area Rank [World] City Pop Rank [World] Urban Area Rank [South America] City Pop Rank [South America] Buenos Aires Argentina 11655100 12923800 12 2 2 1 Sao Paulo Brazil 10057700 18505100 5 7 1 2 Lima Peru 7603500 7603500 34 19 5 3 Bogota Colombia 6680500 7798000 31 22 4 4 Rio de Janeiro Brazil 6029300 11246600 19 25 3 5 Santiago Chile 5034500 5636800 48 27 6 6 Salvador Brazil 2539500 3173500 102 75 11 7 Belo Horizonte Brazil 2307800 4413800 61 86 7 8 Fortaleza Brazil 2230800 2976200 112 90 13 9 Cali Colombia 2203800 2800600 119 91 15 10 Guayaquil Ecuador 2196800 2686000 126 92 16 11 Brasilia Brazil 2089500 2089500 173 99 17 12 Medellin Colombia 1932400 2994400 110 105 12 13 Maracaibo Venezuela 1799900 1868000 189 115 20 14 Caracas Venezuela 1763100 3478100 89 119 9 15 Quito Ecuador 1648100 1777900 194 127 21 16 Curitiba Brazil 1642300 2835000 118 129 14 17 Manaus Brazil 1524600 1524600 244 139 28 18 La Paz Bolivia 1517800 1551300 235 141 26 19 Recife Brazil 1464100 3439500 91 146 10 20 Cordoba Argentina 1460200 1543500 238 150 27 21 Valencia Venezuela 1457200 1739100 201 152 22 22 Montevideo Uruguay 1449900 1723300 204 153 23 23 Porto Alegre Brazil 1355100 3646400 79 169 8 24 Belem Brazil 1344900 1912600 185 173 18 25 Barranquilla Colombia 1298400 1870700 188 179 19 26 Rosario Argentina 1243400 1358300 291 191 32 27 Santa Cruz Bolivia 1161700 1161700 334 212 33 28 Goiania Brazil 1132600 1706300 206 225 24 29 Guarulhos Brazil 1096800 1096800 371 238 37 30 Campinas Brazil 993200 1365500 288 273 31 31 Mendoza Argentina 977500 977500 424 280 40 32 Nova Iguacu Brazil 959100 959100 433 286 42 33 Sao Goncalo Brazil 921000 921000 459 297 46 34 Barquisimeto Venezuela 919500 1039300 396 298 38 35 Sao Luis Brazil 871800 1133800 348 312 34 36 Cartagena Colombia 853900 853900 490 320 48 37 Maceio Brazil 850500 963300 431 321 41 38 La Plata Argentina 833100 833100 494 327 49 39 Duque de Caxias Brazil 797700 797700 520 345 51 40 Tucuman Argentina 791200 791200 523 347 53 41 Ciudad Guayana Venezuela 782600 782600 532 353 55 42 Natal Brazil 737900 1097000 370 379 36 43 Arequipa Peru 733900 733900 571 381 58 44 Sao Bernardo do Campo Brazil 714100 714100 585 395 60 45 Teresina Brazil 705900 949600 437 403 44 46 Campo Grande Brazil 685800 685800 606 416 62 47 Mar del Plata Argentina 679000 679000 610 421 63 48 Osasco Brazil 669700 669700 616 426 64 49 Santo Andre Brazil 665600 665600 617 428 65 50 Cucuta Colombia 657100 735000 568 434 57 51 Joao Pessoa Brazil 614900 934900 448 459 45 52 Jaboatao Brazil 613200 613200 665 461 68 53 Trujillo Peru 600900 600900 679 474 70 54 Cochabamba Bolivia 568900 798000 519 510 50 55 Contagem Brazil 566300 566300 720 513 73 56 Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil 565400 794300 522 514 52 57 Asuncion Paraguay 546800 1432600 268 535 29 58 Bucaramanga Colombia 542400 955500 435 540 43 59 Ribeirao Preto Brazil 526600 789900 524 563 54 60 Salta Argentina 519900 519900 781 573 74 61 Sorocaba Brazil 516400 624500 654 581 67 62 Uberlandia Brazil 514400 514400 792 583 76 63 Cuiaba Brazil 502500 730900 574 606 59 64 Petare Venezuela 502300 502300 815 608 77 65 Santa Fe Argentina 500000 500000 819 611 78 66 Chiclayo Peru 490400 490400 837 625 79 67 Aracaju Brazil 479900 741000 564 640 56 68 Maracay Venezuela 479300 1125300 355 643 35 69 Niteroi Brazil 467300 467300 856 657 80 70 Puente Alto Chile 463800 463800 860 662 81 71 Sao Joao de Meriti Brazil 460600 460600 865 666 82 72 Juiz de Fora Brazil 456800 456800 870 671 84 73 Belford Roxo Brazil 450600 450600 875 681 85 74 Londrina Brazil 449400 656100 628 683 66 75 Feira de Santana Brazil 447800 447800 878 687 86 76 Joinville Brazil 435800 435800 894 707 87 77 San Juan Argentina 435700 435700 895 708 88 78 Santos Brazil 423200 1556700 234 725 25 79 Ananindeua Brazil 418500 418500 914 737 89 80 Concepci�n Chile 404600 978100 423 763 39 81 Ibague Colombia 401400 401400 936 771 90 82 Resistencia Argentina 399500 399500 939 774 91 83 Neuquen Argentina 391900 391900 948 789 92 84 Santiago del Estero Argentina 388100 388100 952 795 93 85 Pereira Colombia 386900 585800 693 798 71 86 Campos Brazil 378800 378800 967 820 94 87 Maua Brazil 375200 375200 974 829 95 88 Diadema Brazil 373300 373300 977 833 96 89 Santa Marta Colombia 372200 372200 979 836 97 90 Olinda Brazil 369500 369500 986 845 98 91 Vila Velha Brazil 367000 367000 993 852 99 92 Aparecida de Goiania Brazil 365500 365500 999 858 100 93 Piura Peru 359400 359400 1010 870 101 94 Vi�a del Mar Chile 358800 358800 1011 871 102 95 Ciudad Bolivar Venezuela 358500 358500 1012 872 103 96 Bello Colombia 355000 355000 1017 878 104 97 Pasto Colombia 354000 354000 1021 882 105 98 Carapicuiba Brazil 353900 353900 1022 883 106 99 Sao Jose do Rio Preto Brazil 353200 353200 1024 887 107 100 Florianopolis Brazil 351800 712000 587 891 61 101 Caxias do Sul Brazil 350700 350700 1029 895 108 102 Iquitos Peru 349300 349300 1032 898 109 103 Barcelona Venezuela 348600 606900 675 900 69 104 Serra Brazil 345700 345700 1043 915 110 105 Manizales Colombia 342900 342900 1050 922 111 106 Campina Grande Brazil 342000 516700 787 927 75 107 Corrientes Argentina 330000 330000 1081 963 112 108 Piracicaba Brazil 330000 330000 1082 964 113 109 Cariacica Brazil 325800 325800 1089 970 114 110 Bauru Brazil 322500 322500 1097 979 115 111 Temuco Chile 321000 321000 1102 985 116 112 Betim Brazil 320100 320100 1105 988 117 113 Neiva Colombia 318600 318600 1109 995 118 114 Canoas Brazil 316200 316200 1114 1002 119 115 Sao Vicente Brazil 314900 314900 1117 1006 120 116 Soledad Colombia 314200 314200 1118 1008 121 117 Moji das Cruzes Brazil 313300 313300 1122 1013 122 118 Jundiai Brazil 312000 312000 1129 1020 123 119 Pelotas Brazil 310200 310200 1135 1026 124 120 Bahia Blanca Argentina 309300 309300 1137 1029 125 121 Vitoria Brazil 306200 1412700 275 1042 30 122 Montes Claros Brazil 304800 304800 1149 1047 126 123 Maturin Venezuela 303600 303600 1153 1051 127 124 Valpara�so Chile 301700 904500 465 1057 47 125 Macapa Brazil 301600 301600 1159 1058 128 126 Turmero Venezuela 301500 301500 1160 1059 129 127 Armenia Colombia 300800 300800 1165 1064 130 128 Chimbote Peru 298600 298600 1173 1072 131 129 Talcahuano Chile 297900 297900 1176 1075 132 130 Anapolis Brazil 297400 297400 1177 1077 133 131 Posadas Argentina 297300 297300 1178 1078 134 132 Maringa Brazil 294800 294800 1184 1087 135 133 Franca Brazil 293000 293000 1194 1098 136 134 Cumana Venezuela 293000 293000 1195 1099 137 135 Itaquaquecetuba Brazil 292300 292300 1197 1102 138 136 Porto Velho Brazil 292000 292000 1199 1104 139 137 Villavicencio Colombia 290400 290400 1207 1111 140 138 San Cristobal Venezuela 286200 286200 1227 1132 141 139 Huancayo Peru 285600 285600 1230 1137 142 140 Ciudad del Este Paraguay 285400 285400 1231 1138 143 141 Soacha Colombia 284100 284100 1233 1141 144 142 Guaruja Brazil 282900 282900 1235 1143 145 143 Cusco Peru 282600 282600 1237 1145 146 144 Valledupar Colombia 279900 279900 1242 1150 147 145 Ponta Grossa Brazil 277200 277200 1252 1163 148 146 Antofagasta Chile 277100 277100 1254 1165 149 147 Cuenca Ecuador 277000 277000 1256 1167 150 148 Petropolis Brazil 276400 276400 1257 1168 151 149 Paulista Brazil 273200 273200 1263 1175 152 150 Merida Venezuela 271400 271400 1268 1182 153 151 Ribeirao das Neves Brazil 271300 271300 1269 1183 154 152 San Bernardo Chile 270100 270100 1277 1192 155 153 Foz do Iguacu Brazil 269100 583500 695 1197 72 154 Blumenau Brazil 261500 261500 1320 1240 156 155 Jujuy Argentina 260500 260500 1324 1244 157 156 Parana Argentina 258700 258700 1331 1253 158 157 Limeira Brazil 256400 256400 1342 1263 159 158 Barinas Venezuela 254000 254000 1350 1274 160 159 Monteria Colombia 253900 253900 1351 1275 161 160 Uberaba Brazil 251200 251200 1365 1289 162 161 Volta Redonda Brazil 249600 458400 867 1297 83 162 Itagui Colombia 244400 244400 1392 1319 163 163 Governador Valadares Brazil 243900 243900 1395 1323 164 164 Caucaia Brazil 242700 242700 1400 1329 165 165 Novo Hamburgo Brazil 241300 241300 1406 1335 166 166 Suzano Brazil 241000 241000 1409 1339 167 167 Rio Branco Brazil 240500 240500 1411 1341 168 168 Taubate Brazil 239900 239900 1415 1347 169 169 Cascavel Brazil 239000 239000 1419 1351 170 170 Santa Maria Brazil 238400 238400 1421 1353 171 171 Sincelejo Colombia 237000 237000 1430 1362 172 172 Pucallpa Peru 235500 235500 1441 1376 173 173 Rancagua Chile 235400 235400 1442 1377 174 174 Vitoria da Conquista Brazil 234600 234600 1445 1380 175 175 Palmira Colombia 233100 233100 1453 1390 176 176 Buenaventura Colombia 230700 230700 1468 1408 177 177 Viamao Brazil 230400 230400 1470 1410 178 178 Tacna Peru 229100 229100 1478 1420 179 179 Floridablanca Colombia 229000 229000 1479 1422 180 180 Formosa Argentina 227000 227000 1495 1438 181 181 Varzea Grande Brazil 227000 227000 1496 1439 182 182 Caruaru Brazil 225800 225800 1504 1446 183 183 Georgetown Guyana 225800 225800 1505 1447 184 184 Imperatriz Brazil 222600 222600 1529 1473 185 185 Barueri Brazil 222200 222200 1532 1477 186 186 Gravatai Brazil 221800 221800 1534 1479 187 187 Boa Vista Brazil 221100 221100 1539 1485 188 188 Ipatinga Brazil 219000 219000 1551 1498 189 189 Paramaribo Suriname 216200 216200 1564 1513 190 190 Machala Ecuador 216000 216000 1568 1517 191 191 Embu Brazil 213500 213500 1581 1532 192 192 Juazeiro do Norte Brazil 212800 212800 1589 1540 193 193 Cabimas Venezuela 212300 212300 1595 1546 194 194 Praia Grande Brazil 209100 209100 1615 1569 195 195 Arica Chile 207000 207000 1635 1591 196 196 Popayan Colombia 207000 207000 1636 1592 197 197 Sumare Brazil 205600 205600 1644 1601 198 198 Taboao da Serra Brazil 205500 205500 1645 1602 199 199 Mage Brazil 204400 204400 1655 1612 200 200 Chill�n Chile 203700 203700 1659 1616 201 201 Oruro Bolivia 203100 203100 1661 1619 202 202 Sucre Bolivia 202700 202700 1665 1624 203 203 Talca Chile 202700 202700 1666 1625 204 204 Mossoro Brazil 202200 202200 1670 1629 205 205 Santa Luzia Brazil 200900 200900 1685 1645 206 206 Iquique Chile 199800 199800 1694 1654 207 207 Sao Leopoldo Brazil 199600 199600 1696 1657 208 208 Marilia Brazil 198900 198900 1701 1662 209 209 Itabuna Brazil 196800 196800 1712 1674 210 210 Sao Jose dos Pinhais Brazil 196800 196800 1713 1675 211 211 Presidente Prudente Brazil 196000 196000 1721 1683 212 212 Jacarei Brazil 195200 195200 1730 1691 213 213 Santo Domingo Ecuador 194100 194100 1746 1707 214 214 Sao Carlos Brazil 192900 192900 1753 1714 215 215 Santarem Brazil 192300 192300 1760 1723 216 216 Alvorada Brazil 192200 192200 1764 1727 217 217 Puerto la Cruz Venezuela 191500 191500 1770 1733 218 218 Americana Brazil 189100 189100 1785 1748 219 219 Sete Lagoas Brazil 188300 188300 1792 1755 220 220 Puerto Cabello Venezuela 187600 187600 1800 1764 221 221 Colombo Brazil 187400 187400 1802 1766 222 222 Ica Peru 186600 186600 1807 1772 223 223 Barrancabermeja Colombia 185900 185900 1814 1780 224 224 Sullana Peru 184900 184900 1821 1787 225 225 Divinopolis Brazil 184400 184400 1825 1791 226 226 Portoviejo Ecuador 184000 184000 1830 1797 227 227 Rio Grande Brazil 183900 183900 1832 1799 228 228 Maracanau Brazil 181800 181800 1847 1815 229 229 Itaborai Brazil 181400 181400 1851 1819 230 230 Sao Jose Brazil 180700 180700 1857 1827 231 231 Acarigua Venezuela 180300 180300 1863 1833 232 232 Araraquara Brazil 180000 180000 1867 1837 233 233 Catamarca Argentina 178200 178200 1883 1853 234 234 Los �ngeles Chile 177300 177300 1890 1862 235 235 Petrolina Brazil 176600 176600 1895 1867 236 236 Itapevi Brazil 175200 175200 1908 1880 237 237 Ambato Ecuador 173900 173900 1918 1889 238 238 Santa Barbara d'Oeste Brazil 173200 173200 1923 1894 239 239 Manta Ecuador 172200 172200 1934 1905 240 240 Rio Cuarto Argentina 171400 171400 1940 1911 241 241 Rio Claro Brazil 170900 170900 1949 1921 242 242 Puerto Montt Chile 170400 170400 1953 1925 243 243 Passo Fundo Brazil 170100 170100 1956 1928 244 244 Aracatuba Brazil 169000 169000 1966 1937 245 245 Barra Mansa Brazil 168000 168000 1979 1952 246 246 Cachoeiro de Itapemirim Brazil 167400 167400 1985 1958 247 247 Dos Quebradas Colombia 167400 167400 1986 1959 248 248 Guacara Venezuela 167400 167400 1987 1960 249 249 Hortolandia Brazil 166200 166200 1998 1972 250 250 Comodoro Rivadavia Argentina 166000 166000 2002 1976 251 251 Camacari Brazil 164000 164000 2021 1995 252 252 Osorno Chile 162100 162100 2042 2016 253 253 Coquimbo Chile 160800 160800 2055 2030 254 254 Ilheus Brazil 160500 160500 2059 2035 255 255 Tulua Colombia 159700 159700 2066 2043 256 256 Lages Brazil 159600 159600 2067 2044 257 257 Arapiraca Brazil 159000 159000 2072 2049 258 258 Criciuma Brazil 158700 158700 2076 2053 259 259 Santa Teresa Venezuela 158700 158700 2079 2056 260 260 Cotia Brazil 157900 157900 2089 2066 261 261 Juliaca Peru 157100 157100 2094 2071 262 262 San Nicolas Argentina 155900 155900 2106 2083 263 263 Indaiatuba Brazil 155700 155700 2109 2086 264 264 Nova Friburgo Brazil 155500 155500 2115 2092 265 265 Nilopolis Brazil 155200 155200 2121 2098 266 266 Dourados Brazil 155100 155100 2122 2100 267 267 Calama Chile 153600 153600 2140 2118 268 268 Coro Venezuela 151000 151000 2177 2156 269 269 La Serena Chile 150900 150900 2178 2157 270 270 San Luis Argentina 150200 150200 2185 2164 271 271 Ferraz de Vasconcelos Brazil 150200 150200 2186 2165 272 272 Itajai Brazil 148700 148700 2200 2180 273 273 Rondonopolis Brazil 148600 148600 2201 2181 274 274 Palmas Brazil 148400 148400 2205 2185 275 275 Guarapuava Brazil 146100 146100 2238 2219 276 276 La Rioja Argentina 145500 145500 2252 2233 277 277 Francisco Morato Brazil 144700 144700 2263 2245 278 278 Chapeco Brazil 143700 143700 2272 2254 279 279 Envigado Colombia 143500 143500 2279 2261 280 280 Sobral Brazil 143100 143100 2285 2267 281 281 Luziania Brazil 142900 142900 2289 2271 282 282 Concordia Argentina 142600 142600 2293 2275 283 283 Sao Caetano do Sul Brazil 142300 142300 2296 2278 284 284 Nossa Senhora do Socorro Brazil 141500 141500 2312 2294 285 285 Valdivia Chile 141400 141400 2314 2296 286 286 Tarija Bolivia 141100 141100 2322 2304 287 287 Maraba Brazil 140700 140700 2327 2309 288 288 Huanuco Peru 140500 140500 2329 2312 289 289 Guanare Venezuela 140100 140100 2335 2319 290 290 Cabo de Santo Agostinho Brazil 139100 139100 2344 2328 291 291 Po�os de Caldas Brazil 137000 137000 2372 2356 292 292 Ibirite Brazil 136600 136600 2380 2364 293 293 Camaragibe Brazil 136500 136500 2382 2366 294 294 Itapecerica da Serra Brazil 136400 136400 2387 2371 295 295 Potosi Bolivia 135900 135900 2390 2374 296 296 Punta Arenas Chile 135000 135000 2405 2390 297 297 Copiap� Chile 134700 134700 2410 2395 298 298 Juazeiro Brazil 133800 133800 2426 2411 299 299 Milagro Ecuador 133700 133700 2428 2413 300 300 Cartago Colombia 132900 132900 2440 2425 301 301 Esmeraldas Ecuador 132800 132800 2443 2428 302 302 Macae Brazil 132200 132200 2450 2435 303 303 Parnaiba Brazil 130600 130600 2477 2461 304 304 Jequie Brazil 130000 130000 2485 2469 305 305 Itu Brazil 129900 129900 2487 2471 306 306 Quevedo Ecuador 129600 129600 2491 2475 307 307 Castanhal Brazil 128800 128800 2498 2482 308 308 Paranagua Brazil 128600 128600 2502 2486 309 309 Queimados Brazil 128000 128000 2511 2495 310 310 Valera Venezuela 128000 128000 2514 2498 311 311 El Tigre Venezuela 127900 127900 2515 2499 312 312 Riobamba Ecuador 127500 127500 2520 2504 313 313 Ocumare del Tuy Venezuela 127500 127500 2521 2505 314 314 Quilpu� Chile 127300 127300 2524 2508 315 315 Chincha Alta Peru 127200 127200 2530 2514 316 316 Loja Ecuador 126300 126300 2546 2530 317 317 Sapucaia Brazil 125800 125800 2555 2539 318 318 Barreiras Brazil 125700 125700 2557 2541 319 319 Angra dos Reis Brazil 125500 125500 2561 2545 320 320 Quillacollo Bolivia 125300 125300 2567 2551 321 321 Pindamonhangaba Brazil 124700 124700 2582 2566 322 322 Ibarra Ecuador 124600 124600 2587 2571 323 323 Curic� Chile 123800 123800 2599 2583 324 324 Sabara Brazil 123200 123200 2606 2590 325 325 Carupano Venezuela 122700 122700 2619 2603 326 326 Mogi Guacu Brazil 121700 121700 2642 2626 327 327 Uruguaiana Brazil 121000 121000 2656 2640 328 328 Girardot Colombia 120100 120100 2676 2660 329 329 Teresopolis Brazil 119600 119600 2685 2669 330 330 Parnamirim Brazil 119000 119000 2693 2678 331 331 Calabozo Venezuela 118800 118800 2697 2682 332 332 Lauro de Freitas Brazil 118600 118600 2701 2686 333 333 San Rafael Argentina 117900 117900 2709 2694 334 334 Itapetininga Brazil 117600 117600 2717 2702 335 335 Timon Brazil 117500 117500 2718 2703 336 336 Maicao Colombia 117500 117500 2719 2704 337 337 Braganca Paulista Brazil 117000 117000 2727 2712 338 338 Patos de Minas Brazil 116700 116700 2731 2716 339 339 Alagoinhas Brazil 116200 116200 2739 2724 340 340 Florencia Colombia 115400 115400 2760 2744 341 341 San Carlos de Bariloche Argentina 114800 114800 2775 2759 342 342 Punto Fijo Venezuela 114600 114600 2784 2768 343 343 Buga Colombia 114300 114300 2790 2774 344 344 Sogamoso Colombia 113900 113900 2799 2783 345 345 Rio Verde Brazil 113600 113600 2805 2789 346 346 Cachoeirinha Brazil 112700 112700 2824 2808 347 347 Cubatao Brazil 112500 112500 2831 2815 348 348 Cua Venezuela 112300 112300 2840 2824 349 349 Jau Brazil 112000 112000 2846 2830 350 350 San Fernando Venezuela 111600 111600 2864 2848 351 351 Trelew Argentina 111200 111200 2872 2856 352 352 Ayacucho Peru 111100 111100 2877 2861 353 353 Barbacena Brazil 110300 110300 2891 2876 354 354 Araguaina Brazil 110000 110000 2898 2883 355 355 Tarapoto Peru 110000 110000 2900 2885 356 356 Tunja Colombia 109500 109500 2914 2900 357 357 Caxias Brazil 109300 109300 2918 2904 358 358 Cabo Frio Brazil 109200 109200 2921 2907 359 359 Varginha Brazil 108600 108600 2935 2920 360 360 Tandil Argentina 108500 108500 2938 2923 361 361 Botucatu Brazil 108300 108300 2944 2929 362 362 Ribeirao Pires Brazil 108200 108200 2946 2931 363 363 Pinhais Brazil 108100 108100 2951 2936 364 364 Catanduva Brazil 107500 107500 2964 2949 365 365 Garanhuns Brazil 106800 106800 2981 2966 366 366 Mercedes Argentina 106600 106600 2986 2971 367 367 Santa Rita Brazil 106300 106300 2994 2979 368 368 Jaragua do Sul Brazil 105900 105900 3011 2996 369 369 Palhoca Brazil 105800 105800 3016 3001 370 370 Teixeira de Freitas Brazil 105500 105500 3023 3009 371 371 Carora Venezuela 105400 105400 3027 3013 372 372 Conselheiro Lafaiete Brazil 104200 104200 3046 3032 373 373 Franco da Rocha Brazil 104200 104200 3047 3033 374 374 Pouso Alegre Brazil 103800 103800 3058 3044 375 375 Apucarana Brazil 103600 103600 3065 3051 376 376 Teofilo Otoni Brazil 103600 103600 3066 3052 377 377 Vitoria de Santo Antao Brazil 103300 103300 3074 3060 378 378 Melipilla Chile 103300 103300 3076 3062 379 379 Talara Peru 103200 103200 3083 3069 380 380 Resende Brazil 103100 103100 3084 3070 381 381 Cajamarca Peru 102300 102300 3108 3094 382 382 Ovalle Chile 101100 101100 3129 3115 383 383 [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] South America : References & Data Sources  Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005  Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)  Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.  Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.  RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.  World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site  The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund  With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com