STATISTICS: Macedonia


Macedonia

35.8% —or about 906,000 hectares—of The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is forested. Of this, none is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse form of forest.

Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2000, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia had no significant change or no reported in forest cover.

Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Macedonia, FYR has some 414 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.0% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 4.8% are threatened. Macedonia, FYR is home to at least 3500 species of vascular plants. 7.1% of Macedonia, FYR is protected under IUCN categories I-V.






Books

Macedonia: Forest Cover, 2005
Total Land Area (ha)2,531,000
Total Forest Area (ha)906,000
Percent Forest Cover35.80%
Primary Forest Cover (ha)-
Primary Forest, % total forest0.00%
Primary Forest, % total land0.00%
Other wooded land (ha)82,000


Macedonia : Forest types
Tropical (% forest area)0%
Subtropical (% forest area)64%
Temperate (% forest area)36%
Boreal/polar (% forest area)0%


Macedonia: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
Primary forest (ha | %)-0.0%
Modified natural (ha | %)876,00096.7%
Semi-natural (ha | %)--
Production plantation (ha | %)30,0003.3%
Production plantation (ha | %)--


Macedonia: Change in Forest Cover
TOTAL FOREST COVER
Forest 1990 (ha)906,000
Forest 2000 (ha)906,000
Forest 2005 (ha)906,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-0.00%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
PRIMARY FOREST COVER
Primary 1990 (ha)-
Primary 2000 (ha)-
Primary 2005 (ha)-
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
OTHER WOODED LAND
Other 1990 (ha)82,000
Other 2000 (ha)82,000
Other 2005 (ha)82,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-0.00%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
PLANTATIONS
Other 1990 (ha)30,000
Other 2000 (ha)30,000
Other 2005 (ha)30,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-0.00%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations
Other 1990 (ha)958,000
Other 2000 (ha)958,000
Other 2005 (ha)958,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-0.00%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!


Macedonia: Primary
Primary or "old-growth" vegetation
Primary Forest 2005 (ha)0
Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha)0
Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha)0
Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area)0.00%


Macedonia: Forest designation
Ownership of forest land, 2000
Public (%)78.0%
Private (%)22.0%
Other (%)0.0%
Ownership of other wooded land, 2000
Public (%)-
Private (%)-
Other (%)100.0%
Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005
Production (%)82.2%
Protection (%)-
Conservation (%)-
Social Services (%)-
Multiple Services (%)-
None of Unknown (%)17.8%


Macedonia: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
Forest Area annually affected by
Fire (%)0.33%
Insects (ha)-
Diseases (ha)-
Other (ha)-


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Macedonia: Biodiversity - Plants
Growing stock composition
3 most common species
% of total growing stock
-
Growing stock composition
3 most common species
% of total growing stock
-
Number of Native tree species
Native tree species-
Number of tree species in IUCN red list
Critically Endangered0
Endangered0
Vulnerable0
Vascular Plant Species, 2004
Total
Number endemic0
Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004
Species threatened0


Macedonia: Value of forests
Biomass stock in forest, 2005
Above-ground biomass (M t)33
Below-ground biomass (M t)8
Dead wood (M t)-
Total (M t)-
Carbon stock in forest, 2005
Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t)16
Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t)4
Carbon in dead wood (M t)-
Carbon in litter (M t)-
Soil carbon (M t)-
Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005
Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr)
1990-20000
2000-20050
Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005
Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr)
1990-20000
2000-20050
Wood removal 2005
Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m)162
Wood fuel (1000 cubic m)765
Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m)927
Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock)1
Plant products 2005
Food (t)-
Fodder (t)-
Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t)-
Raw material for colorants and dyes (t)-
Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t)-
Ornamental plants (t)-
Exudates (t)-
Other plant products (t)-
Animal products 2005
Living animals (units)-
Hides, skins and trophies (units)-
Wild honey and bee-wax (t)-
Bush meat (t)-
Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t)-
Raw material for colorants and dyes (t)-
Other edible animal products (t)-
Other non-edible animal products (t)-
Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005
Industrial roundwood (US$)-
Wood fuel (US$)-
Non-wood forest products (US$)-
Total value (US$)-
Total value ($USD/ha)$-
Employment in forestry 2000
Total people employed3,000


Macedonia : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production603
Imports12
Exports0
Consumption615
Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production112
Imports2
Exports8
Consumption106
Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production20
Imports143
Exports10
Consumption153
Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production0
Imports64
Exports1
Consumption63
Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002
Production0
Imports1
Exports0
Consumption1
Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002
Production18
Imports44
Exports9
Consumption53
Macedonia: Environment
Environment - current issuesair pollution from metallurgical plants
Environment - international agreementsparty to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Natural hazardshigh seismic risks


Macedonia: Land use / Resources
Land use (%)arable land: 22.26%
permanent crops: 1.81%
other: 75.93% (2001)
Natural resourceslow-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land


Macedonia: Economy
Economy - overview:At independence in September 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on the down-sized Yugoslavia, one of its largest markets, and a Greek economic embargo over a dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP subsequently rose each year through 2000. However, the leadership's commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank 4.5% because of decreased trade, intermittent border closures, increased deficit spending on security needs, and investor uncertainty. Growth barely recovered in 2002 to 0.9%, then rose by 3.4% in 2003, 2.9% in 2004, and about 4% in 2005. Macedonia has lagged the region in attracting foreign investment and job growth has been anemic. Macedonia has an extensive grey market, estimated to be more than 20 percent of GDP, that falls outside official statistics.
GDP - per capita$7,400 (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate (%)4% (2005 est.)
Agriculture - productswheat, grapes, rice, tobacco, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton
GDP - composition by sector (%)agriculture: 11.7%, industry: 32.1%, services: 56.2% (2005 est.)
Industries coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses, steel
Economic aid - recipient$250 million (2003 est.)
Debt - external$2.207 billion (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line (%)30.2% (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation (%)agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%


Macedonia: Population / Demographics
Population (July 2005)2,045,262
Population growth rate (%) (2005)0.26%
Population density (people/sq km) (2005)82.3
Median age (years)total: 32.8 years
Total fertility rate (children born/woman)1.57 (2005 est.)
Ethnic groups (%)Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 census)


Largest Cities in Macedonia

Cities and urban areas in Macedonia with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.

CityCountryCity PopulationUrban Area Population
SkopjeMacedonia448600582200




 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
 Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
 Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
 Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
 RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
 World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
 The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
 Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
 With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com



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