STATISTICS: Moldova


Moldova

10.0% —or about 329,000 hectares—of Republic of Moldova is forested. Of this, none is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse form of forest.

Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2000, Republic of Moldova gained an average of 700 hectares of forest per year. The amounts to an average annual reforestation rate of 0.22%. Between 2000 and 2005, the rate of forest change decreased by 16.1% to 0.18% per annum. In total, between 1990 and 2005, Republic of Moldova gained 3.1% of its forest cover, or around 10,000 hectares. Measuring the total rate of habitat conversion (defined as change in forest area plus change in woodland area minus net plantation expansion) for the 1990-2005 interval, Republic of Moldova gained 2.9% of its forest and woodland habitat.

Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Moldova, Rep has some 279 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.0% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 4.7% are threatened. Moldova, Rep is home to at least 1752 species of vascular plants. 1.4% of Moldova, Rep is protected under IUCN categories I-V.






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Moldova: Forest Cover, 2005
Total Land Area (ha)3,288,000
Total Forest Area (ha)329,000
Percent Forest Cover10.01%
Primary Forest Cover (ha)-
Primary Forest, % total forest0.00%
Primary Forest, % total land0.00%
Other wooded land (ha)31,000


Moldova : Forest types
Tropical (% forest area)0%
Subtropical (% forest area)0%
Temperate (% forest area)100%
Boreal/polar (% forest area)0%


Moldova: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
Primary forest (ha | %)-0.0%
Modified natural (ha | %)328,00099.7%
Semi-natural (ha | %)-0.0%
Production plantation (ha | %)1,0000.3%
Production plantation (ha | %)-0.0%


Moldova: Change in Forest Cover
TOTAL FOREST COVER
Forest 1990 (ha)319,000
Forest 2000 (ha)326,000
Forest 2005 (ha)329,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)7000.22%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)6000.18%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)10,0003.13%
Change in rate (%)-16.13%
PRIMARY FOREST COVER
Primary 1990 (ha)-
Primary 2000 (ha)-
Primary 2005 (ha)-
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
OTHER WOODED LAND
Other 1990 (ha)31,000
Other 2000 (ha)31,000
Other 2005 (ha)31,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-0.00%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
PLANTATIONS
Other 1990 (ha)1,000
Other 2000 (ha)1,000
Other 2005 (ha)1,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-0.00%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations
Other 1990 (ha)349,000
Other 2000 (ha)356,000
Other 2005 (ha)359,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)7000.20%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)6000.17%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)10,0002.87%
Change in rate (%)-15.97%


Moldova: Primary
Primary or "old-growth" vegetation
Primary Forest 2005 (ha)0
Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha)0
Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha)0
Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area)0.00%


Moldova: Forest designation
Ownership of forest land, 2000
Public (%)100.0%
Private (%)0.0%
Other (%)0.0%
Ownership of other wooded land, 2000
Public (%)100.0%
Private (%)0.0%
Other (%)0.0%
Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005
Production (%)64.1%
Protection (%)6.7%
Conservation (%)13.4%
Social Services (%)-
Multiple Services (%)-
None of Unknown (%)15.8%


Moldova: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
Forest Area annually affected by
Fire (%)-
Insects (ha)29.45%
Diseases (ha)-
Other (ha)-


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Moldova: Biodiversity - Plants
Growing stock composition
3 most common species
% of total growing stock
-
Growing stock composition
3 most common species
% of total growing stock
-
Number of Native tree species
Native tree species35
Number of tree species in IUCN red list
Critically Endangered0
Endangered0
Vulnerable0
Vascular Plant Species, 2004
Total
Number endemic293
Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004
Species threatened4


Moldova: Value of forests
Biomass stock in forest, 2005
Above-ground biomass (M t)24
Below-ground biomass (M t)2
Dead wood (M t)-
Total (M t)-
Carbon stock in forest, 2005
Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t)12
Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t)1
Carbon in dead wood (M t)-
Carbon in litter (M t)-
Soil carbon (M t)-
Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005
Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr)
1990-2000631
2000-2005701
Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005
Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr)
1990-20001.69
2000-20051.89
Wood removal 2005
Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m)31
Wood fuel (1000 cubic m)34
Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m)65
Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock)n.s.
Plant products 2005
Food (t)-
Fodder (t)-
Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t)-
Raw material for colorants and dyes (t)-
Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t)-
Ornamental plants (t)150
Exudates (t)-
Other plant products (t)-
Animal products 2005
Living animals (units)-
Hides, skins and trophies (units)-
Wild honey and bee-wax (t)-
Bush meat (t)-
Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t)-
Raw material for colorants and dyes (t)-
Other edible animal products (t)-
Other non-edible animal products (t)-
Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005
Industrial roundwood (US$)-
Wood fuel (US$)-
Non-wood forest products (US$)-
Total value (US$)-
Total value ($USD/ha)$-
Employment in forestry 2000
Total people employed3,000


Moldova : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production30
Imports2
Exports0
Consumption32
Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production27
Imports28
Exports0
Consumption55
Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production5
Imports110
Exports0
Consumption115
Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production10
Imports25
Exports0
Consumption35
Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002
Production-
Imports102
Exports1
Consumption101
Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002
Production0
Imports27
Exports8
Consumption19
Moldova: Environment
Environment - current issuesheavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
Environment - international agreementsparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Natural hazardslandslides (57 cases in 1998)


Moldova: Land use / Resources
Land use (%)arable land: 55.3%
permanent crops: 10.79%
other: 33.91% (2001)
Natural resourceslignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone


Moldova: Economy
Economy - overview:Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe despite recent progress from its small economic base. It enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import almost all of its energy supplies. Energy shortages contributed to sharp production declines after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991. As part of an ambitious reform effort after independence, Moldova introduced a convertible currency, freed prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises, backed steady land privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. The government entered into agreements with the World Bank and the IMF to promote growth and reduce poverty. The economy returned to positive growth in 2000, and has remained at or above 6% every year since. Further reforms will come slowly because of strong political forces backing government controls. The economy remains vulnerable to higher fuel prices, poor agricultural weather, and the skepticism of foreign investors.
GDP - per capita$2,100 (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate (%)6% (2005 est.)
Agriculture - productsvegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk
GDP - composition by sector (%)agriculture: 20.5%, industry: 23.9%, services: 55.6% (2005 est.)
Industries food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles
Economic aid - recipient$100 million (2000)
Debt - external$1.926 billion (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line (%)80% (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation (%)agriculture 40%, industry 14%, services 46% (1998)


Moldova: Population / Demographics
Population (July 2005)4,455,421
Population growth rate (%) (2005)0.22%
Population density (people/sq km) (2005)133.5
Median age (years)total: 32.22 years
Total fertility rate (children born/woman)1.81 (2005 est.)
Ethnic groups (%)Moldovan/Romanian 78.2%, Ukrainian 8.4%, Russian 5.8%, Gagauz 4.4%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 1.3% (2004 census)


Largest Cities in Moldova

Cities and urban areas in Moldova with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.

CityCountryCity PopulationUrban Area Population
ChisinauMoldova711700775700
TiraspolMoldova207900207900
BaltiMoldova174300174300
TighinaMoldova143800143800




 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
 Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
 Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
 Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
 RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
 World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
 The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
 Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
 With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com



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