TROPICAL RAINFORESTS: Deforestation rates tables and charts

Sudan Forest Information and Data

According to the U.N. FAO, 29.4% or about 69,949,000 ha of Sudan is forested, according to FAO. Of this 20.0% ( 13,990,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Sudan had 6,068,000 ha of planted forest.

Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Sudan lost an average of 321,600 ha or 0.42% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Sudan lost 8.4% of its forest cover, or around 6,432,000 ha.

Sudan's forests contain 1,393 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Sudan has some 1431 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 1.6% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 2.0% are threatened. Sudan is home to at least 3137 species of vascular plants, of which 1.6% are endemic. 3.5% of Sudan is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

2011 Update

In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper in PNAS with
new carbon stock estimates for global tropical forests.

Forest definition (canopy cover %)10% tree cover25% tree cover30% tree cover
Forest Area (M ha)25136
Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C)705433221
Belowground forest carbon (Mt C)22113367
Total forest carbon (Mt C)926567289
Average Carbon Density (t C/ha)374550
M=million, t=metric tons; all figures are mean carbon stock values

Sudan Environmental profile

The following contains data relating to forest cover in Sudan

Previous version of this profile (2009)

SECTIONS:

Forest Cover | Breakdown of forest types | Change in Forest Cover | Deforestation | Primary forest | Planted forest | Forest designation | Forest ownership | Growing stock | Carbon stock | Disturbances affecting forest land | Removals | Removals Value | Employment | Forest policy | Human resources | Revenue | Agreements | Protected areas | Biodiversity - Wildlife | Biodiversity - Plants | Environment | Land use / Resources | Economy | Population / Demographics | Infrastructure | Health | References | Books










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Sudan: Forest Cover, 2010
Total Land Area (1000 ha)237600
Total Forest Area (1000 ha)69949
Percent Forest Cover29
Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha)13990
Primary Forest, % total forest20
Other wooded land (1000 ha)50224
Percent other wooded land21




Sudan: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)1399020
Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)4989171
Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area)60689


Sudan: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
76381704917022069949
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-589-54-54
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-0.80-0.08-0.08


Sudan: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
70957648526436663881
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-611-611-97
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-0.9-0.86-0.15


Sudan: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
15276140981404413990
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-118-11-11
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
-0.80-0.08-0.08


Sudan: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha)
1990200020052010
5424563958546068
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
224343
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation
1990-20002000-20052005-2010
0.390.750.72


Sudan: Primary designated function (percent)
ProductionProtection of soil and waterConservation of biodiversitySocial servicesMultiple useOtherNone or unknown
5031700030


Sudan: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
OWNERSHIP PATTERN
Public ownershipPrivate ownershipOther
9190


PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
IndividualsBusiness entities and institutionsLocal, indigenous and tribal communities
9622


HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS
Public administrationIndividualsBusiness entities and InstitutionsCommunitiesOther
1000000
Sudan: Growing stock in forest
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total
(million m3)
Per hectare
(m3)
Coniferous
(million m3)
Broadleaved
(million m3)
% commercial species
97214---
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST
Total (million m3)Per hectare (m3)Coniferous (million m3)Broadleaved (million m3)% commercial species
4028


Sudan: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons)
1990200020052010
1521140313981393
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons)
2000
20
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr)
1990200020052010
-12-1-1
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr)
1990200020052010
n.s.n.s.n.s.


Sudan: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
FOREST FIRE
1000 ha% wild fire (not managed burn)
-100


EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE
InsectsDiseasesOther biotic agentsAbiotic factorsTotal (excluding fire)% of 2005 forest area
------


Sudan: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
20362489249957
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark)
199020002005percent of which from forest 2005
18648192262034757


Sudan: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$)
Value per ha forest
(US$)
Industrial roundwoodWoodfuelNWFPTotal
-----


Sudan: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
---
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
---
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees)
199020002005
---


Sudan: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2005)
Sub-national forest policy: Yes
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (1986) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2002) Sub-national forest law: Yes

Sudan: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
200020052008
#% female#% female#% female
4876-298821310024


Sudan: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
Forest revenuePublic expenditure (1000 US$)
Domestic fundingExternal fundingTotal
(1000 US$)Operational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer paymentsOperational expenditureTransfer payments
-------


Sudan: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
  • CbD:
  • UNFCCC:
  • Kyoto Protocol:
  • UNCCD:
  • ITTA:
  • CITeS:
  • Ramsar:
  • World Heritage Convention:
  • NlbI: [an error occurred while processing this directive] Sudan: Environment
    Environment - current issuesinadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought
    Environment - international agreementsparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
    signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
    Natural hazardsdust storms and periodic persistent droughts


    Sudan: Land use / Resources
    Land use (%)arable land: 6.83%
    permanent crops: 0.18%
    other: 92.99% (2001)
    Natural resourcespetroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower


    Sudan: Economy
    Economy - overview:Sudan has turned around a struggling economy with sound economic policies and infrastructure investments, but it still faces formidable economic problems, starting from its low level of per capita output. From 1997 to date, Sudan has been implementing IMF macroeconomic reforms. In 1999, Sudan began exporting crude oil and in the last quarter of 1999 recorded its first trade surplus, which, along with monetary policy, has stabilized the exchange rate. Increased oil production, revived light industry, and expanded export processing zones helped sustain GDP growth at 8.6% in 2004. Agriculture production remains Sudan's most important sector, employing 80% of the work force, contributing 39% of GDP, and accounting for most of GDP growth, but most farms remain rain-fed and susceptible to drought. Chronic instability - resulting from the long-standing civil war between the Muslim north and the Christian/pagan south, adverse weather, and weak world agricultural prices - ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years.
    GDP - per capita$2,100 (2005 est.)
    GDP - real growth rate (%)8.6% (2005 est.)
    Agriculture - productscotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock
    GDP - composition by sector (%)agriculture: 38.7%, industry: 20.3%, services: 41% (2003 est.)
    Industries oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly
    Economic aid - recipient$172 million (2001)
    Debt - external$18.15 billion (2005 est.)
    Population below poverty line (%)40% (2004 est.)
    Labor force - by occupation (%)agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 7%, government 13% (1998 est.)


    Sudan: Population / Demographics
    Population (July 2005)40,187,486
    Population growth rate (%) (2005)2.60%
    Population density (people/sq km) (2005)16.9
    Percent rural (2003)61.1%
    Median age (years)total: 18.07 years
    Total fertility rate (children born/woman)4.85 (2005 est.)
    Ethnic groups (%)black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%


    Largest Cities in Sudan

    Cities and urban areas in Sudan with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.

    CityCountryCity PopulationUrban Area Population
    OmdurmanSudan16700001670000
    KhartoumSudan12445005862500
    Port SudanSudan401100401100
    KassalaSudan308200308200
    El ObeidSudan301400301400
    NyalaSudan298400298400
    Wad MedaniySudan277600277600
    QadarifSudan251100251100
    KustiSudan228000228000
    FashirSudan186400186400
    JubaSudan151000151000
    El GeneinaSudan121900121900
    AtbarahSudan115400115400
    WawSudan110300110300


    Sudan: Infrastructure
    Telephones - main lines in use900,000 (2003)
    Telephones - mobile cellular650,000 (2003)
    Roadways (km)total: 11,900 km
    paved: 4,320 km
    unpaved: 7,580 km (1999 est.)


    Sudan: Health
    Life expectancy at birth (years)total population: 58.54 years
    male: 57.33 years
    female: 59.8 years (2005 est.)
    Infant mortality rate62.5 deaths/1,000 live births
    HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%)2.3% (2001 est.)
    Major infectious diseasesdegree of risk: very high
    food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
    vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations
    water contact disease: schistosomiasis
    respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)

    Sudan : References & Data Sources
     Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
     Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
     Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
     Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
     RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
     World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
     The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
     Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
     With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com



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