STATISTICS: Singapore


Singapore

3.0% —or about 2,000 hectares—of Singapore is forested. Of this, 100.0% —or roughly 2,000 hectares—is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse form of forest.

Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2000, Singapore had no significant change or no reported in forest cover.

Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Singapore has some 590 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 2.7% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 2.9% are threatened. Singapore is home to at least 2282 species of vascular plants, of which 0.1% are endemic. 5.2% of Singapore is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

Singapore Environmental profile






Books

Singapore: Forest Cover, 2005
Total Land Area (ha)67,000
Total Forest Area (ha)2,000
Percent Forest Cover2.99%
Primary Forest Cover (ha)2,000
Primary Forest, % total forest100.00%
Primary Forest, % total land2.99%
Other wooded land (ha)-


Singapore : Forest types
Tropical (% forest area)100%
Subtropical (% forest area)0%
Temperate (% forest area)0%
Boreal/polar (% forest area)0%


Singapore: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
Primary forest (ha | %)2,000100.0%
Modified natural (ha | %)-0.0%
Semi-natural (ha | %)-0.0%
Production plantation (ha | %)-0.0%
Production plantation (ha | %)-0.0%


Singapore: Change in Forest Cover
TOTAL FOREST COVER
Forest 1990 (ha)2,000
Forest 2000 (ha)2,000
Forest 2005 (ha)2,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-0.00%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
PRIMARY FOREST COVER
Primary 1990 (ha)2,000
Primary 2000 (ha)2,000
Primary 2005 (ha)2,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-0.00%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
OTHER WOODED LAND
Other 1990 (ha)-
Other 2000 (ha)-
Other 2005 (ha)-
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
PLANTATIONS
Other 1990 (ha)-
Other 2000 (ha)-
Other 2005 (ha)-
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-#DIV/0!
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!
TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations
Other 1990 (ha)2,000
Other 2000 (ha)2,000
Other 2005 (ha)2,000
Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %)-0.00%
Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %)-0.00%
Change in rate (%)#DIV/0!


Singapore: Primary
Primary or "old-growth" vegetation
Primary Forest 2005 (ha)2,000
Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha)-
Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha)2,000
Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area)2.99%


Singapore: Forest designation
Ownership of forest land, 2000
Public (%)100.0%
Private (%)0.0%
Other (%)0.0%
Ownership of other wooded land, 2000
Public (%)-
Private (%)-
Other (%)-
Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005
Production (%)-
Protection (%)-
Conservation (%)100.0%
Social Services (%)-
Multiple Services (%)-
None of Unknown (%)-


Singapore: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
Forest Area annually affected by
Fire (%)0.00%
Insects (ha)0.00%
Diseases (ha)0.00%
Other (ha)0.00%


Singapore: Protected areas
Protected areas
Biosphere reserves, 2005
Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 20050
World Heritage sites, 20040
Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land5.2%
Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land4.68%
Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 20040.00%
Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 20040.00%


Singapore: Biodiversity - Wildlife
Amphibians
total species11
endemic species0
threatened species0
Birds
total species400
endemic species14
threatened species10
Mammals
total species73
endemic species1
threatened species3
Reptiles
total species106
endemic species1
threatened species4
Wildlife diversity
total species590
endemic species16
threatened species17


Singapore: Biodiversity - Plants
Growing stock composition
3 most common species
% of total growing stock
-
Growing stock composition
3 most common species
% of total growing stock
-
Number of Native tree species
Native tree species2,013
Number of tree species in IUCN red list
Critically Endangered11
Endangered11
Vulnerable27
Vascular Plant Species, 2004
Total2282
Number endemic2
Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004
Species threatened54


Singapore: Value of forests
Biomass stock in forest, 2005
Above-ground biomass (M t)-
Below-ground biomass (M t)-
Dead wood (M t)-
Total (M t)-
Carbon stock in forest, 2005
Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t)-
Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t)-
Carbon in dead wood (M t)-
Carbon in litter (M t)-
Soil carbon (M t)-
Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005
Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr)
1990-2000-
2000-2005-
Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005
Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr)
1990-2000-
2000-2005-
Wood removal 2005
Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m)-
Wood fuel (1000 cubic m)-
Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m)-
Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock)-
Plant products 2005
Food (t)-
Fodder (t)-
Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t)-
Raw material for colorants and dyes (t)-
Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t)-
Ornamental plants (t)-
Exudates (t)-
Other plant products (t)-
Animal products 2005
Living animals (units)-
Hides, skins and trophies (units)-
Wild honey and bee-wax (t)-
Bush meat (t)-
Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t)-
Raw material for colorants and dyes (t)-
Other edible animal products (t)-
Other non-edible animal products (t)-
Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005
Industrial roundwood (US$)-
Wood fuel (US$)-
Non-wood forest products (US$)-
Total value (US$)-
Total value ($USD/ha)$-
Employment in forestry 2000
Total people employedn.s.


Singapore : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production-
Imports1
Exports0
Consumption1
Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production-
Imports34
Exports39
Consumption0
Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production25
Imports224
Exports195
Consumption54
Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002
Production355
Imports314
Exports147
Consumption522
Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002
Production-
Imports58
Exports86
Consumption0
Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002
Production87
Imports699
Exports163
Consumption623
Singapore: Environment
Environment - current issuesindustrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreementsparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Natural hazardsNA


Singapore: Land use / Resources
Land use (%)arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 98.36% (2001)
Natural resourcesfish, deepwater ports


Singapore: Economy
Economy - overview:Singapore, a highly-developed and successful free-market economy, enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP equal to that of the Big 4 West European countries. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly in electronics and manufacturing. It was hard hit in 2001-03 by the global recession, by the slump in the technology sector, and by an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2003, which curbed tourism and consumer spending. The government hopes to establish a new growth path that will be less vulnerable to the external business cycle and will continue efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high-tech hub. Fiscal stimulus, low interest rates, a surge in exports, and internal flexibility led to vigorous growth in 2004, with real GDP rising by 8% by far the economy's best performance since 2000, but growth slowed to 4.5% in 2005.
GDP - per capita$29,700 (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate (%)4.5% (2005 est.)
Agriculture - productsrubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables, poultry, eggs, fish, ornamental fish
GDP - composition by sector (%)agriculture: 0% negligible, industry: 33.6%, services: 66.4% (2005 est.)
Industries electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade
Economic aid - recipientNA
Debt - external$24.67 billion (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line (%)NA
Labor force - by occupation (%)manufacturing 18%, construction 6%, transportation and communication 11%, financial, business, and other services 49%, other 16% (2003)


Singapore: Population / Demographics
Population (July 2005)4,425,720
Population growth rate (%) (2005)1.56%
Population density (people/sq km) (2005)6,482.7
Percent rural (2003)0.0%
Median age (years)total: 36.76 years
Total fertility rate (children born/woman)1.05 (2005 est.)
Ethnic groups (%)Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000 census)


Largest Cities in Singapore

Cities and urban areas in Singapore with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.

CityCountryCity PopulationUrban Area Population
SingaporeSingapore41545004876000




 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
 Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
 Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
 Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
 RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
 World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
 The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
 Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
 With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com



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