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TROPICAL RAINFORESTS:
References
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References - Countries
Neotropical Realm
Friedland, Jonathon and Pura, Raphael. "Log Heaven: Trouble at Home, Asian Timber Firms set Sights on the
Amazon." Wall Street Journal. 11/11/96.
Ito, T.M. and Loftus, M. "Cutting and Dealing." U.S. News and World Report, 10-Mar-1997.
Logging increase in Latin America
Belize:
McConahay, M.J. "On the chopping block in Belize." Pacific News Service. 2/2/97.
"Minister Sells Out Toledo." The Belize Times. 2/24/94.
Bolivia:
Kaimowitz, D. "Factors Determining Low Deforestation: the Bolivian Amazon." Ambio Vol. 26 No. 8 (537-540),
December 1997.
Brazil:
Associated Press 1998. "Amazon Deforestation Hit Record in '95." 1/26/98.
Associated Press 1998. "Atlantic coast forest disappearing twice as fast as Amazon jungle." 5/23/98.
Associated Press 1997. 8/4/97.
Astor, M. "Brazil Quiet as Evidence of Amazon's Demise Mounts." AP. 12/15/97.
ELI Report. "Continued Success of Brazilian Extractive Reserves Hinges on Reforms." 11/6/95.
Christie, M. "The Amazon Is Burning Again, Officials Say." Reuters. 10/3/97.
Christie, M. "Amazon Rain Forest May Face Greatest Threat Ever." Reuters. 10/24/97.
Christie, M. "Brazil Delays Publication of Amazon Deforestation." Reuters. 12/2/97.
Christie, M. "G7 Agrees Funding for Amazon Conservation Plan." Reuters. 10/31/97.
Cochrane, M.A. "Forest Fires in the Brazilian Amazon." Conservation Biology Vol. 12 No. 5 (949-950),
Oct. 1998.
Collins, M. The Last Rainforests: A World Conservation Atlas. Oxford University Press. New York. 1990.
Craig, J. "Ravaging of Brazil's Amazon Continues." Reuters. 1/26/98.
Diderich. "Brazil Allows Sustainable Logging by Indigenous Tribe." Reuters. 2/4/98.
Donn, J. "Report: Amazon rain forest fading." Associated Press. 4/8/99.
Environmental News Network (ENN). "Brazil Establishes World's Largest Rainforest Reserve." 10/30/97.
Environmental News Network (ENN). "Campaign Launched to Protect Brazil's Parks." 3/30/99.
Epstein, J. "For sale: creatures great and small." SF Chronicle. 10-7-99.
Fearnside, P.M. "Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: The Effect of Population and Land Tenure." Ambio
Vol. 22 No. 8 (537-545), December 1993.
Hecht, S.B., Norgaard, R.B., and Possio, C. "The economics of cattle ranching in eastern Amazonia." Interciencia
Vol. 13, 233-240. 1988.
Indian Council of Roraima (CIR). "Mortality Grows Among Yanomani." 1995.
Indian Missionary Council (CIMI). Newsletter no. 139. 5/3/95.
Institute of Socio-Economic Studies (INESC). 1995.
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Amazon Fires Worse than those in Indonesia." 10/6/97.
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Clinton Free Trade Message Endangers Amazon." 10/17/97.
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Brazil" Democracy and Technology to Save Amazon." 2/18/98.
Kaimowitz, D. "Factors Determining Low Deforestation: the Bolivian Amazon." Ambio Vol. 26 No. 8 (537-540),
December 1997.
LaFranchi, Howard. "Spare the Ax, Spoil the Amazon." Christian Science Monitor. 5/14/1997.
Lewan, Todd. "Fears of a fiery Amazon nightmare-7-year study has implications for the global warming debate."
Associated Press. 12/7/97.
Lehman, S. "Brazil finally releases rain forest figures." AP. 1/27/98.
Margolis, M. "Thousands of Amazon Acres Burning." Washington Post. 9/8/88.
Myers, Norman. "Deforestation Rates in Tropical Forests and Their Climatic Implications." Friends of
the Earth, London. 1989.
Nishizawa, T. and J. I. Uitto, eds. (The Fragile Tropics of Latin America: Sustainable Management of Changing Environments,
New York: United Nations University Press, 1995)
Osava, A. "Deforestation Rampant in Amazonia." IPS. 2/4/98.
Runyan, C. "The Worldwatch Report: Amazon Hatch Job." Environmental News Network. 6/21/99.
Schemo, Diana Jean. "Amazon Jungle Going Up in Smoke Again." New York Times. 10/13/95.
Schemo, D. J. "More Fires by Farmers Raise Threat to Amazon." New York Times. 11/2/97.
Schemo, D. J. "Brazil Moves to Strengthen Environmental Enforcement." New York Times. 1/29/98.
Schemo, D. J. "Brazilian Environmental Bill Expected to be Vetoed." New York Times. 2/11/98.
Schemo, D. J. "Brazil Says Recent Burning of Amazon is Worst Ever." New York Times. 1/27/98.
Schomberg, W. "Brazil Pledges to Save 10 Pct of Tropical Forests." Reuters. 12/4/97.
Schomberg, W. "Brazil Introduces Law to Protect Environment." Reuters. 2/13/98.
Schomberg, W. "Brazil Approves New Environmental Crimes Bill." Reuters. 1/28/98.
Schomberg, W. "Brazil Creates National Forests for Logging." Reuters. 2/3/98.
Schomberg, W. "Deforestation in Brazil Jumps in 1998." Reuters. 2/11/99.
Simons, M. "Vast Amazon Fires, Man-Made, Linked to Global Warming." New York Times. 8/12/88.
Smith, N.J.H. et al., Amazonia - Resiliency and Dynamism of the Land and its People, New York: United Nations University
Press, 1995.
Tietenberg, T. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. HarperCollins. New York. 1992.
Wilson, E.O. The Diversity of Life. Belknap Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1993.
Woodford, J. "1997, the Year the World Caught Fire." Sydney Morning Herald. 1/16/98.
Bahamas:
Varma, Ashali. Biodiversity and the Bahamas. Earthtimes. 12/12/94.
Dominican Republic:
Brothers, T.S. "Rapid Destruction of a Lowland Tropical Forest, Los Haitises, Dominican Republic." Ambio
Vol. 26 No. 8 (551-552), Dec. 1997.
Colombia:
Escobar, Arturo. Colombian Gold Mining. University of Massachusetts. 5/1/95.
Faiola, D. "Andean Coca Farming Declined in '97." Washington Post. 1/18/98.
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Environment-Colombia: Garbage, Guerrillas and Animal Smugglers." 1/7/98.
LaFranchi, Howard. "Rodent's Role as Rain-Forest Protector." Christian Science Monitor. Pg. 14. 5/9/95.
Costa Rica:
Allen, V. "Costa Rica to Save Forest with Carbon Credits." Reuters. 4/24/98.
Auerbach, Jonathon D. "Journey Deep into a Rainforest." Christian Science Monitor. p. 12. 1/17/91.
Rainforest Alliance. Central American Update. 6/28/95.
French Guiana:
Miles, A. "French Guiana Sinks Deeper into Violence and Crisis." Reuters. 10/26/97.
Ecuador:
Goering, Laurie. "Rainforest Residents Sue Texaco-Drilling Left Mess in Ecuadorean Jungle." The Washington
Post. 7/16/96.
Kane, Joe. Savages. Alfred A. Knoff. New York. 1996.
Native Forest Network-ENA. 5/12/96.
Guatemala:
Environmental New Service (ENN). "Guatemala may repeat Mayan History." 6/15/98.
Inter Press Service. "El Niño wreaks havoc in Central America." 5/21/98.
Scott, David Clark. "Saving the forest by changing attitudes." Christian Science Monitor. p. 10. 4/29/92.
Valle, Sergio. "Guatemalan Biosphere Reserve Under Attack by Illegal Loggers." IUCN-Guatemala. 12/7/92.
Guyana:
Bretton Woods Reform Organization (BWRO). "A Call for Accountability for Poisonous Cyanide Discharge."
8/28/95.
Christie, M. "Guyana Indians Aghast at Mining Boom." Reuters. 10/11/97.
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Guyana: Malaysian Firm Gets the Thumbs Down." 2/18/98.
Linden, Eugene. "Chain Saws invade Eden." Time Magazine: Vol. 144, No 9. 8/29/94.
Strieker, G. "Loggers Zero in on Guyana's Rain Forest." Cable News Network. 10/21/97.
World Rainforest Movement. "Guyana: Logging Freeze Starts to Melt, More Mining." 3/14/96.
World Rainforest Movement. "More Logging in Guyana." 11/28/97.
Honduras:
Reis, M.S. ITTO Country Profile - Honduras. 1998
Tropical News Bureau. 4/25/95.
Youth, H. "Green awakening in a poor country." Worldwtach. Sept/Oct 1998.
Mexico:
Chase Bank. "Political Update on Mexico." 1/13/95.
Mahler, Richard. "Political Strife Threatens Mexico's Pristine Jungles." Christian Science Monitor. 5/17/94.
Roberts, M. "Mexico nearly beats rainforest fire but damage done." Reuters. 6/9/98.
Nicaragua:
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Nicaragua-Environment: Debt Relief Needed to Save Resources." 10/10/97.
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Devastating Logging in Nicaragua." 11/10/97.
Panama:
Mitchell, J. "Water Woes: Deforestation Could Dry Up the Panama Canal." Christian Science Monitor. 10/23/97.
Paraguay:
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Mercosur Pet Project on Hold." 1/30/98.
Peru:
Arbaiza, M. ITTO Country Profile - Peru 1998.
Faiola, D. "Andean Coca Farming Declined in '97." Washington Post. 1/18/98.
Suriname:
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Suriname-Politics: Ndp Wants Holland out of Its Internal Affairs." 12/2/97.
Linden, Eugene. "Chain Saws invade Eden." Time Magazine: Vol. 144, No 9. 8/29/94.
Mittermier. Economic Crisis in Suriname threatens Ecological Eden." Christian Science Monitor. p. 18. 4/19/95.
World Rainforest Movement. "Suriname: Forest Conflicts with Miners and Loggers Reach Flashpoint." 9/15/97.
World Rainforest Movement. "Suriname Information Update." 11/5/97.
Venezuela:
AP. "Canadian Mining Company Breaks Ground on Region's Richest Gold Mine." 8/2/97.
Christie, M. "Venezuelan Indians Battle Mining Decree." Reuters. 10/8/97.
Inter Press Service (IPS). "Amazon: Indigenous Groups Oppose Infrastructure Projects." 1/19/98.
Miranda, M. et al. "All that Glitters Is Not Gold: Balancing Conservation and Development in Venezuela."
World Resources Institute. 1998.
World Rainforest Movement. "Venezuela: Yanomani Biosphere Reserve Secured." 8/15/91.
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Recent news
Beef consumption fuels rainforest destruction
(02/16/2009)
Nearly 80 percent of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon results from cattle ranching, according to a new report by Greenpeace. The finding confirms what Amazon researchers have long known – that Brazil's rise to become the world's largest exporter of beef has come at the expense of Earth's biggest rainforest.
How to save the Amazon rainforest
(01/04/2009)
Environmentalists have long voiced concern over the vanishing Amazon rainforest, but they haven't been particularly effective at slowing forest loss. In fact, despite the hundreds of millions of dollars in donor funds that have flowed into the region since 2000 and the establishment of more than 100 million hectares of protected areas since 2002, average annual deforestation rates have increased since the 1990s, peaking at 73,785 square kilometers (28,488 square miles) of forest loss between 2002 and 2004. With land prices fast appreciating, cattle ranching and industrial soy farms expanding, and billions of dollars' worth of new infrastructure projects in the works, development pressure on the Amazon is expected to accelerate. Given these trends, it is apparent that conservation efforts alone will not determine the fate of the Amazon or other rainforests. Some argue that market measures, which value forests for the ecosystem services they provide as well as reward developers for environmental performance, will be the key to saving the Amazon from large-scale destruction. In the end it may be the very markets currently driving deforestation that save forests.
Amazon rainforest damage surges 67% in 2008
(12/20/2008)
The area of rainforest in the process of being deforested — razed but not yet cleared — surged in the Brazilian Amazon during 2008, according to new figures released by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE). The announcement comes shortly after the Brazilian government reported a 4 percent increase in forest clearing for the year. Using an advanced satellite system that tracks changes in vegetation cover INPE found that 24,932 square kilometers of Amazon forest was damaged between August 2007 and July 2008, an increase of 10,017 square kilometers -- 67 percent -- over the prior year.
Cutting deforestation can fight climate change, reduce poverty and conflict
(09/24/2008)
Forest conservation can play a critical role in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate poverty, said a prominent group of politicians, development experts, and environmental NGOs meeting in New York City to discuss U.S. climate policy.
Future threats to the Amazon rainforest
(07/31/2008)
Between June 2000 and June 2008, more than 150,000 square kilometers of rainforest were cleared in the Brazilian Amazon. While deforestation rates have slowed since 2004, forest loss is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. This is a look at past, current and potential future drivers of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
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